Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

Glassman, Sydney I.; Levine, Carrie R.; DiRocco, Angela M; Battles, John J.; Bruns, Thomas D.

doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.182

Cited by 180 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…For example, the red‐listed fungus Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus was found as a frequent colonizer of ectomycorrhizal fungal roots after wildfires (Glassman et al. ). It is possible they are abundant as spores or mycelium but simply need certain conditions (e.g., wildfire) to fruit (Glassman et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to conservation of wood‐inhabiting fungi

Purahong

Wubet

Krüger

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has significantly increased knowledge of microbial communities and their distribution. However, it is still not common to apply NGS technology to microbial conservation. We sought to use NGS technologies to evaluate conservation strategies for wood‐inhabiting fungi. Evaluating a deadwood experiment 3 years after it was established, we specifically examined which tree species combinations promoted the highest richness of wood‐inhabiting fungi. Deadwood enrichment was an effective strategy and logs of 6 tree species, either those with the highest wood‐inhabiting fungal α and γ diversity or those with the highest β diversity, maintained >1,000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) spread over a wide range of taxonomic groups. In comparison, a conservation strategy based only on the results of sporocarp surveys yielded 591 OTUs. This result highlights the need to use NGS approaches to inform microbial conservation strategies. We also determined that 5 tree species with the highest saproxylic beetle γ diversity simultaneously conserved wood‐inhabiting fungi. Apart from deadwood volume, we suggest data on deadwood quality and species also be included as indicators, especially for wood‐inhabiting fungal diversity, and incorporated quickly in forest assessment and monitoring systems in Central Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible they are abundant as spores or mycelium but simply need certain conditions (e.g., wildfire) to fruit (Glassman et al. ). Thus, the observed decline in fruiting bodies may not reflect an actual decline in mycelium or in spores, but rather a general lack of proper fruiting conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to conservation of wood‐inhabiting fungi

Purahong

Wubet

Krüger

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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“…Illumina data were processed using a combination of the UPARSE (Edgar, ) and QIIME (Caporaso et al., ) based on the methods of Smith and Peay () and using the same pipelines as previously described (Glassman et al., , ). The Illumina MiSeq run of 120 samples yielded 20.6 m reads; 80 of those samples were used for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analysed variation in fungal community composition, as determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) amplicons (Glassman, Levine, DiRocco, Battles, & Bruns, ; Smith & Peay, ), and determined whether its strongest predictors were soil properties, pairwise geographic distance, forest distance or tree species, age or size using GDM. We compared total fungal and EMF communities to determine how processes differ in the host‐associated subset of microbial symbiont communities vs. the total fungal community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental filtering bypHand soil nutrients drives community assembly in fungi at fine spatial scales

2017

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Whether niche processes, like environmental filtering, or neutral processes, like dispersal limitation, are the primary forces driving community assembly is a central question in ecology. Here, we use a natural experimental system of isolated tree "islands" to test whether environment or geography primarily structures fungal community composition at fine spatial scales. This system consists of isolated pairs of two distantly related, congeneric pine trees established at varying distances from each other and the forest edge, allowing us to disentangle the effects of geographic distance vs. host and edaphic environment on associated fungal communities. We identified fungal community composition with Illumina sequencing of ITS amplicons, measured all relevant environmental parameters for each tree-including tree age, size and soil chemistry-and calculated geographic distances from each tree to all others and to the nearest forest edge. We applied generalized dissimilarity modelling to test whether total and ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities were primarily structured by geographic or environmental filtering. Our results provide strong evidence that as in many other organisms, niche and neutral processes both contribute significantly to turnover in community composition in fungi, but environmental filtering plays the dominant role in structuring both free-living and symbiotic fungal communities at fine spatial scales. In our study system, we found pH and organic matter primarily drive environmental filtering in total soil fungal communities and that pH and cation exchange capacity-and, surprisingly, not host species-were the largest factors affecting EMF community composition. These findings support an emerging paradigm that pH may play a central role in the assembly of all soil-mediated systems.

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“…forests is observed in the months corresponding to autumn and winter. Therefore, in order to ensure the constant availability of spores in forest nurseries, mature sporocarps should be collected and stored in a dry and ventilated environment, in which they can last for several months to years (GLASSMAN et al, 2016). Thus, the spore supply for mycorrhizal seedlings would be guaranteed throughout the year, significantly reducing maintenance efforts when compared to the methodology that uses vegetative mycelium as an ectomycorrhizal inoculum.…”

Section: Table 2 Fresh and Dry Mass Of Shoots And Roots Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parapiptadenia rigida MYCORRHIZATION WITH SPORES OF Scleroderma citrinum

Steffen¹,

Steffen²,

Morais³

et al. 2017

CERNE

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Ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation in forestry seedlings aids plant establishment and growth in the field. The objectives of this study were: to determine the mycorrhizal capacity of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma citrinum in Parapiptadenia rigida (red angico) seedlings and to evaluate the viability of a mycorrhizal inoculation technique for forest seedlings involving the use of spores. Mature spores were inoculated in the substrate (75% soil and 25% carbonized rice husk), totaling 1.5 grams of fungal spores per liter of substrate. P. rigida seeds were sown in substrates inoculated or not inoculated with fungal spores in presence or absence of Pinus echinata and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil: not inoculated (T1), inoculated (T2), inoculated more pine essential oil (T3), inoculated more eucalyptus essential oil (T4). Seedlings of Pinus elliottii were used for a positive control of mycorrhizal inoculation (T5) and not inoculated (T6) with fungal spores. At 90 days after sowing, the base stem diameter, height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, percentage of root colonization and Dickson Index were determined. The presence of fungal structures in P. rigida and P. elliottii roots inoculated with S. citrinum spores was observed, demonstrating the occurrence of an ectomycorrhizal association. The application of pine and eucalyptus essential oils in the substrate increased the percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization in P. rigida seedlings. The addition of S. citrinum mature spores in the substrate used for seedling production is a viable practice for ectomycorrhizal inoculation and it can be used in forest nurseries in controlled mycorrhization programs. MICORRIZAÇÃO DE Parapiptadenia rigida COM ESPOROS DE Scleroderma citrinumRESUMO: A inoculação de fungos ectomicorrízicos em mudas florestais beneficia o estabelecimento e crescimento das plantas no campo. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: determinar a capacidade de micorrização do fungo ectomicorrízico Scleroderma citrinum em mudas de Parapiptadenia rigida (angico-vermelho) e avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de inoculação micorrízica de mudas florestais através do uso de esporos. Esporos maduros foram inoculados ao substrato (75% solo e 25% casca de arroz carbonizada), totalizando 1,5 gramas de esporos de fungo por litro de substrato. Sementes de P. rigida foram semeadas em substratos inoculados ou não com esporos de S. citrinum, na presença ou ausência dos óleos essências de Pinus echinata e Eucalyptus citriodora: não inoculado (T1), inoculado (T2), inoculado mais adição de óleo essencial de pinus (T3), inoculado mais adição de óleo essencial de eucalipto (T4). Mudas de Pinus elliottii foram utilizadas para controle positivo da inoculação micorrízica, inoculadas (T5) e não inoculadas com esporos ectomicorrízicos (T6). Aos 90 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados o diâmetro do colo, a altura, as massas fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes, o percentual de colonização radicular e o Índice de Dickson. Observou-se presença de estru...

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Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

Cited by 180 publications

References 56 publications

Application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to conservation of wood‐inhabiting fungi

Application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to conservation of wood‐inhabiting fungi

Environmental filtering bypHand soil nutrients drives community assembly in fungi at fine spatial scales

Parapiptadenia rigida MYCORRHIZATION WITH SPORES OF Scleroderma citrinum

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