Ectopic Kidneys With and Without Fusion

Abstract

Sixty-one patients with renal ectopia have been reviewed. Most presented with a palpable mass, abdominal pain or microscopic haematuria. Thirteen patients were treated surgically, usually by nephrectomy; 17 required no treatment and 31 were treated symptomatically.

Simple renal ectopia in a cat

“…In humans there are contrary results about a possible predominance for either side in renal ectopia (2,8,11,13). Kaufmann and others (10) described a predisposition for the right side in cats, with a ratio of 3 : 1.…”

“…Aetiology of renal ectopia still remains unclear (1,3). Human literature describes renal ectopia as a disease which is occurring spontaneously and usually found incidentally without any clinical symptoms (3,7,8,11,12). Several studies were performed to identify an underlying cause, but so far no obvious explanation for this rare congenital malformation exists.…”

“…However, there is no specific clinical sign associated with renal ectopia. At least in veterinary medicine most of them are diagnosed incidentally (3,7,8,(10)(11)(12). Clinical signs may vary depending on dislodgement of other structures like the ureter or compression of adjacent organs.…”

“…In cases associated with persistent clinical signs, hydronephrosis or neoplasia nephrectomy is most likely the procedure of choice (3,11,14). If there are moderate symptoms like recurrent urinary tract infections, these are treated symptomatically (11). In man nephropexy is performed, if the ectopic kidney is freely movable and causing intermittent pain (4).…”

Crossed renal ectopia with fusion: report of two cases and review of the literature

“…16 Qualquer um dos componentes dos rins fusionados podem ter anormalidade renais associadas com o tumor de Wilms, displasia multicística e ureterocele ectópica. [17][18][19] diAgnóstico A anomalia é prontamente detectada por urografia excretora, ultrassom, tomografia ou ressonância magnética do abdôme.…”