Ectopic synaptogenesis in the mammalian retina caused by rod photoreceptor-specific mutations

Peng, Yuandong; Hao, Ying; Petters, Robert M.; Wong, Fulton

doi:10.1038/80639

Cited by 151 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, connections between cones and rod bipolar cells have only exceptionally been reported in a normal mammal (Dacheux and Raviola, 1986). These connections can form ectopically in the retina of rd/rd mutant mice, as well as in the retina of transgenic swine with rod degeneration (Peng et al, 2000). In virtue of the fact that photoreceptors degenerate completely in the retina of such mutants, these ectopic connections can be considered as examples of retinal plasticity with transient effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of the Rod Pathway by Cones in the Absence of Rods

Strettoi¹,

Mears²,

Swaroop³

2004

J. Neurosci.

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In mammalian retinas, rods and cones connect to distinct sets of bipolar cells. In the retina of Nrl (neural retina leucine zipper) knock-out mice, in which rods fail to form and all photoreceptors are cones, rod bipolar cells have normal morphology, pattern of staining, and lamination, but they form synaptic connections with cones. Hence, retinal interneurons are not entirely committed to the choice of their synaptic partners; also, their morphology and pattern of distribution of their processes in the synaptic layers of the retina are not instructed by the establishment of synaptic connections with cognate photoreceptor(s). These findings are of considerable relevance for our understanding of mechanisms responsible for cell recognition during development and in the context of using transplanted tissue to restore vision in retinal degeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of the Rod Pathway by Cones in the Absence of Rods

Strettoi¹,

Mears²,

Swaroop³

2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…The persistence of some visual responses even after the completion of photoreceptor degeneration has been ascribed to slow degeneration processes that may have enabled compensatory mechanisms to take effect, e.g. the ectopic synapse formation of rod bipolar cells with cones (Cicerone et al, 1979;Peng et al, 2000).…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Pattern Of Visual Loss In S334ter-line-5 Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior colliculus responses to light – preserved by transplantation in a slow degeneration rat model

Thomas

Seiler

Sadda

et al. 2004

Experimental Eye Research

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Purpose. To determine whether retinal transplantation can preserve visual responses in the superior colliculus (SC) of the S334ter-line-5 rat, a transgenic model for slow photoreceptor degeneration, which is more similar to human retinitis pigmentosa than the fast degeneration line 3 S334ter rat.Methods. Visual responses to a light flash were recorded in the SC. Rats that had received embryonic day (E) 19 -20 fetal retinal sheet transplants at the age of 26 -30 days were tested at the ages of 200-254 days. Controls were age-matched rats without surgery and with sham surgery. As a baseline, in no-surgery line-5 rats, the temporal pattern of visual sensitivity loss was evaluated electrophysiologically in the SC from 60 days up to one year of age.Results. In untreated S334ter-line-5 rats, decline in visual sensitivity in the SC was parallel to the photoreceptor loss. At 109 day of age, a relative scotoma developed in the area of the SC corresponding to the nasal retinal region. At 200-254 days of age, the majority of the SC was devoid of any light-driven responses. In contrast, at this time point, transplanted rats with 'good' retinal grafts with normal lamination had visual responses in the caudal region of the SC, the area corresponding topographically to the transplant location in the retina. In these rats, the various parameters of SC responses such as the latency of the onset of the visual response, the response peak amplitude and the consistency of the visual response were significantly different from the control groups (no-surgery, sham surgery, 'poor' transplants) and were more comparable to normal albino rats, however, with a slightly longer latency (70-90 vs. 30 -50 msec).Conclusions. Fetal retinal sheet transplantation showed a long-term rescue effect on visual function in this animal model of slow photoreceptor degeneration. q

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“…7b,d) suggests a de novo dystrophy within the OPL that may be secondary to other plastic changes therein. Various rodent models of inherited retinal degeneration show later-arising alterations in dendritic organization within the OPL (Peng et al, 2000;Strettoi and Pignatelli, 2000;Cuenca et al, 2004), including ectopic synaptic complexes between horizontal cell dendrites with other surviving components of the OPL (Cuenca et al, 2004). The present dystrophies may be an accelerated version of the same, given the relative speed with which the cones are eliminated in these mice.…”

Section: Dendritic Patterning Of Horizontal Cells Requires Afferent Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Afferents and Homotypic Neighbors Regulate Horizontal Cell Morphology, Connectivity, and Retinal Coverage

Reese¹,

Raven²,

Stagg³

2005

J. Neurosci.

101

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Horizontal cells are inhibitory interneurons with laterally oriented dendrites that overlap one another, contacting the pedicles of cone photoreceptors. Because of their regular spacing, the network of horizontal cells provides a uniform coverage of the retinal surface. The developmental processes establishing these network properties are undefined, but cell-intrinsic instructions and interactions with other cells have each been suggested to play a role. Here, we show that the intercellular spacing of horizontal cells is essentially independent of genetic background and is predicted by local density, suggesting that horizontal cell positioning is modulated by proximity to other horizontal cells. Dendritic field area compensates for this variation in intercellular spacing, maintaining constant dendritic coverage between strains. Functional dendritic overlap is achieved anatomically at the level of the pedicles, where horizontal cells interact with one another to establish their connectivity: the number of dendritic terminals contacting a pedicle changes, reciprocally, between neighboring horizontal cells during development based on their relative proximity to each pedicle. Cellular morphology is also shown to be regulated by the afferents themselves: afferent elimination before innervation does not alter dendritic field size nor stratification but compromises dendritic branching and prevents terminal formation. Afferent and homotypic interactions therefore generate the morphology, spacing, and connectivity of horizontal cells underlying their functional coverage of the retina.

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Ectopic synaptogenesis in the mammalian retina caused by rod photoreceptor-specific mutations

Cited by 151 publications

References 39 publications

Recruitment of the Rod Pathway by Cones in the Absence of Rods

Recruitment of the Rod Pathway by Cones in the Absence of Rods

Superior colliculus responses to light – preserved by transplantation in a slow degeneration rat model

Afferents and Homotypic Neighbors Regulate Horizontal Cell Morphology, Connectivity, and Retinal Coverage

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