Eddy covariance based surface‐atmosphere exchange and crop coefficient determination in a mountainous peatland

Abstract

In the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum, fluxes of water, energy, and carbon determine the water and carbon balance of peat bogs. We used eddy covariance (EC) measurements to study surface atmosphere exchange and its drivers above an ombrotrophic peat bog (Odersprungmoor) in the Harz Mountains, Germany, with nonideal measurement conditions during the growing season in 2013. For montane peatlands, only very few EC flux measurements exist due to site constraints, for example, surface slope, limited fetch, and frequent dew formation on open path sensors. The measured data were carefully filtered resulting in valid and representative fluxes for the bog. The evapotranspiration (ET) was further characterized by determining the adjusted crop coefficient (Kc*) for July and August and comparing it with Kc* values from 7 years of the FLUXNET site Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada. While soil moisture was taken into consideration, the adjustment was nevertheless necessary as plant health and nutrient supply were not evaluated as required by FAO guidelines. Actual ET at OM was well described by the Kc* model (Kc* = 0.85, R2 = 0.85). The primary control on ET was available energy and atmospheric conditions and, marginally, the soil moisture conditions. This Kc* value is comparable to the calculated Kc* values for MB, which ranged between 0.82 and 0.86 (R2 between 0.84 and 0.97). Since these Kc* ranges are narrow for the different sites and years, we hypothesize that these values are good estimates for the true crop coefficients of Sphagnum‐dominated peat bogs.

A Modular Framework for Modeling Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Properties Over the Full Moisture Range

“…For the sake of readability we dropped the (h) notation from θ a (h), θ 100 , is the air content at a pressure head of 100 cm, ϕ im is the immobile pore space, which we set to θ r , but ensure the expression θ a − ϕ im remains positive. Since organic soils are receiving increasing attention (Weber et al 2018, Gerling et al 2019, we would like to point out the tortuosity model for gas diffusion of Caron and Nkongolo (2004) but do not include it here.…”