Eddy‐induced carbon transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Moreau, Sébastien; Penna, Alice Della; Llort, Joan; Patel, Ramkrushnbhai S.; Langlais, Clothilde; Boyd, Philip W.; Matear, Richard J.; Phillips, Helen E.; Trull, Thomas W.; Tilbrook, Bronte; Lenton, Andrew; Strutton, Peter G.

doi:10.1002/2017gb005669

Cited by 41 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…INEs were determined using immersion freezing of aliquots of SW samples (stored frozen) and the IS. Chl a were measured using standard techniques (filtering and acetone extraction, Holm‐Hansen et al, ; Lorenzen, ) with a Turner Trilogy fluorometer (Moreau et al, ). Satellite‐derived ocean color (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomete, https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua) was used to estimate ocean surface Chl a during CAPRICORN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, CAP18 was collected over a region with similar (Frenger et al, 2015) that impact biological productivity by advecting phytoplankton patches or by enhancing or prohibiting upwelling of deep ocean waters containing high nutrients (Gaube et al, 2013). As described by Moreau et al (2017), the cold-core eddy sampled during CAPRICORN developed from the Sub-Antarctic Front and was identified based on negative sea surface height anomalies, with an eddy diameter of approximately 190 km. This cold-core eddy contained low surface Chl a in the eddy center (0.33 mg/m 3 ) with higher surface Chl a at the eddy peripherals (0.74 mg/m 3 ; Moreau et al, 2017).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Inps Observed During Capricornmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles Over Southern Ocean Waters

McCluskey

Hill

Humphries

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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A likely important feature of the poorly understood aerosol‐cloud interactions over the Southern Ocean (SO) is the dominant role of sea spray aerosol, versus terrestrial aerosol. Ice nucleating particles (INPs), or particles required for heterogeneous ice nucleation, present over the SO have not been studied in several decades. In this study, boundary layer aerosol properties and immersion freezing INP number concentrations (nINPs) were measured during a ship campaign that occurred south of Australia (down to 53°S) in March–April 2016. Ocean surface chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 1.77 mg/m3, and nINPs were a factor of 100 lower than historical surveys, ranging from 0.38 to 4.6 m−3 at −20 °C. The INP population included organic heat‐stable material, with contributions from heat‐labile material. Lower INP source potentials of SO seawater samples compared to Arctic seawater were consistent with lower ice nucleating site densities in this study compared to north Atlantic air masses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Inps Observed During Capricornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles Over Southern Ocean Waters

McCluskey

Hill

Humphries

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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156

192

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“…However, the surface water temperature was 7.28C, salinity was 33.8 ( Fig. 5) and nitrate and silicate concentrations were 22 and silicate was 3.3 mM respectively, all typical of polar waters located further south of the northern extension of the SAF (Moreau et al 2017;Patel et al 2019). Satellite analysis revealed that the eddy had formed in early February 2016 and moved northward ,1.28 of latitude at the time of sampling (Patel et al 2019).…”

Section: Hydrographymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1), with its centre located at ,50.48S, 147.18E. The eddy was ,190 km in diameter and was a stable feature that had formed in mid-February 2016, ,1.28 further south of the sampling site near the SAF (Moreau et al 2017). After formation, the eddy moved slowly northward across the northern extension of the SAF with a rotation speed of 0.527 rad day À1 (Moreau et al 2017;Patel et al 2019).…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…After formation, the eddy moved slowly northward across the northern extension of the SAF with a rotation speed of 0.527 rad day À1 (Moreau et al 2017;Patel et al 2019). The biogeochemical properties of this eddy differ from external waters (Moreau et al 2017;Patel et al 2019). Because this eddy became 'structurally closed' after development, its ability to entrain and detrain nutrients, dissolved iron, phytoplankton and zooplankton was restricted.…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some observations on the biogeochemical cycling of zinc in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean: a dedication to Keith Hunter

Ellwood

Strzepek

Chen

et al. 2020

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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In this study we investigated the distribution of dissolved and particulate zinc (dZn and pZn respectively) and its isotopes in the Subantarctic Zone as part of a Geotraces Process voyage. dZn and pZn depth profiles contrasted each other, with dZn showing depletion within the euphotic zone while pZn profiles showed enrichment. Fitting a power law equation to the pZn profiles produced an attenuation factor of 0.82, which contrasted values for particulate phosphorus, cadmium and copper. The results indicate that zinc has a longer regeneration length scale than phosphorus and cadmium, but shorter than copper. The differential regeneration of pZn relative to that of particulate phosphorus likely explains why dZn appears to have a deeper regeneration profile than that of phosphate. The dZn isotope (d 66 Zn dissolved ) profiles collected across the Subantarctic Zone showed differing profile structures. For one station collected within an isolated cold-core eddy (CCE), d 66 Zn dissolved showed surface enrichment relative to deep waters. The corresponding pZn isotope profiles within the CCE did not show enrichment; rather, they were subtly depleted in surface waters and then converged to similar values at depth. Zinc isotope fractionation can be explained through a combination of fractionation processes associated with uptake by phytoplankton, zinc complexation by natural organic ligands and zinc regeneration from particulate matter.

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The impact of a Southern Ocean cyclonic eddy on mesopelagic micronekton

Penna

Llort

Moreau³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Mesoscale eddies shape the foraging ecology of predators such as marine mammals and seabirds. A growing number of animal tracking studies show that predators alter their swimming, diving, and foraging behavior within mesoscale eddies. However, little is known about how Southern Ocean eddies influence the distribution of mesopelagic micronekton (fish, squid, and crustaceans), which are major prey items of megafauna. Studies in other oceanic regions have found that eddies can influence the abundance and community composition of micronekton. Here, we analyze acoustic observations from a 14-day survey of a cyclonic mesoscale eddy, its surrounding waters, and the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) waters where the eddy formed. We report and interpret spatial patterns of acoustic backscatter at 18 and 75 kHz, proxies indicating combined changes in species, size, and abundance of micronekton. We find that the vertical distribution of acoustic backscatter matched the underwater light conditions characteristic of the eddy core, periphery, and surrounding waters, at scales smaller than 10 km. The median water-column integrated acoustic backscatter values in the eddy core were only half of those measured in the Sub-Antarctic Zone waters surrounding the eddy, but similar to those measured in the PFZ, where the eddy originated 27 days prior. These results suggest that, as for physical and chemical tracers, the eddy maintained its biological characteristics from its source waters creating a unique habitat compared to its surroundings. Plain Language SummaryMesoscale eddies are rotating currents that are everywhere in the ocean.They are typically tens to one or two hundred km across, with lifetimes spanning weeks to months. Mesoscale eddies have a dramatic impact on the patterns of primary production in the open ocean, the transport of heat and salt across oceanic regions, global biogeochemical cycles, and the feeding behavior of marine predators such as pinnipeds, sharks, billfishes, and seabirds. In this study, we used underwater acoustic measurements to evaluate the effects of a Southern Ocean mesoscale eddy on the distribution of deep water micronekton, a diverse group of small animals including fish, crustacea, and squids. We found that the abundance and vertical distribution of micronekton inside the eddy differed from the surrounding waters. Micronekton distribution was instead more similar to where the eddy had originated a month prior to our sampling. Our results suggest that mesoscale eddies can maintain their biological characteristics from their source waters, creating a unique habitat compared to surrounding waters.

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Eddy‐induced carbon transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Cited by 41 publications

References 80 publications

Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles Over Southern Ocean Waters

Observations of Ice Nucleating Particles Over Southern Ocean Waters

Some observations on the biogeochemical cycling of zinc in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean: a dedication to Keith Hunter

The impact of a Southern Ocean cyclonic eddy on mesopelagic micronekton

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