Edible ginger-derived nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer

Abstract

There is a clinical need for new, more effective treatments for chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In this study, we characterized a specific population of nanoparticles derived from edible ginger (GDNPs 2) and demonstrated their efficient colon targeting following oral administration. GDNPs 2 had an average size of ~230 nm and exhibited a negative zeta potential. These nanoparticles contained high levels of lipids, a few proteins, ~125 microRNAs (miRNAs), and large amounts of ginger bioactive constituents (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol). We also demonstrated that GDNPs 2 were mainly taken up by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages, and were nontoxic. Using different mouse colitis models, we showed that GDNPs 2 reduced acute colitis, enhanced intestinal repair, and prevented chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). 2D-DIGE/MS analyses further identified molecular target candidates of GDNPs 2 involved in these mouse models. Oral administration of GDNPs 2 increased the survival and proliferation of IECs and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-22) in colitis models, suggesting that GDNPs 2 has the potential to attenuate damaging factors while promoting the healing effect. In conclusion, GDNPs 2, nanoparticles derived from edible ginger, represent a novel, natural delivery mechanism for improving IBD prevention and treatment with an added benefit of overcoming limitations such as potential toxicity and limited production scale that are common with synthetic nanoparticles.

Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression level and the rs1799964 polymorphism of the TNF-α gene in peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

“…The predominant genetic association in IBD is divided into genes that contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses (12). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the advancement of inflammatory responses and is critical in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant diseases (13). TNF-α is key in cell-mediated immunity, as demonstrated by high serum levels of TNF-α in IBD blood and tissue samples (14,15 3 and MOHAMMAD REZA ZALI majority of which are located in its promoter region and certain polymorphisms affect the expression level of the gene (16,17).…”

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Current Treatment Options in Dogs

“…Most general and primitive therapeutic procedure in canine and human IBD contains corticosteroids, other anti-inflammatory agents, such as 5-Amino Salicylic Acid (5-ASA) or immunosuppressant in the last decade (Farzaei et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016).…”

“…Long-time usage of corticosteroids can cause obesity, vacuolar hepatopathy, muscle atrophy and weakness, ligament rupture, urinary tract infection, pyoderma and development of diabetes mellitus (Dye et al, 2013). Furthermore, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs combinations caused extra short-and long-term side effects, such as increased liver parameters, allergic reactions, nausea, pancreatitis (Zhang et al, 2016).…”

“…In addition, ginger and its active components, including 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, are anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Recent studies showed that that nanoparticles derived from edible ginger (GDNPs 2) could be a natural and safe alternative for treatment of intestinal inflammations (Zhang et al, 2016).…”

Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture

“…Such particles are now being explored as a possible method for delivering therapeutics in humans. 60 In addition, sRNAs complexed with the protein PHLOEM SMALL RNA BINDING PRO-TEIN1 have been found in the vascular system of a number of plants. 61 A more complete understanding of how plant sRNAs are packaged such that they could be protected from degradation in the digestive tract is essential.…”