Edible unclonable functions

Leem, Jung Woo; Kim, Min Seok; Choi, Seung Ho; Kim, Seong-Ryul; Kim, Seong‐Wan; Song, Young Min; Young, Robert J.; Kim, Young L.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14066-5

Cited by 154 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Colon harbors the vast majority of commensal bacteria ( Belkaid and Hand, 2014 ), which can influence immune homeostasis, trigger inflammation, and invade extra-intestinal tissues ( Hooper et al., 2012 ; Anhe et al., 2020 ). Many studies have focused on revealing the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension ( Kim et al., 2020 ), unruptured intracranial aneurysms ( Li et al., 2020 ), chronic heart failure ( Kummen et al., 2018 ), and atherosclerosis ( Koren et al., 2010 ). However, the role of the gut microbiota in RHD has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in Gut, Oral Cavity, and Mitral Valves Are Associated With Rheumatic Heart Disease

Shi

Chen

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Rheumatic heart disease refers to the long-term damage of heart valves and results from an autoimmune response to group A Streptococcus infection. This study aimed to analyze the microbiota composition of patients with rheumatic heart disease and explore potential function of microbiota in this disease. First, we revealed significant alterations of microbiota in feces, subgingival plaques, and saliva of the patients compared to control subjects using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significantly different microbial diversity was observed in all three types of samples between the patients and control subjects. In the gut, the patients possessed higher levels of genera including Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium, and lower levels of genera including Lachnospira, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. Coprococcus was identified as a super-generalist in fecal samples of the patients. Significant alterations were also observed in microbiota of subgingival plaques and saliva of the patients compared to control subjects. Second, we analyzed microbiota in mitral valves of the patients and identified microbes that could potentially transmit from the gut or oral cavity to heart valves, including Streptococcus. Third, we further analyzed the data using random forest model and demonstrated that microbiota in the gut, subgingival plaque or saliva could distinguish the patients from control subjects. Finally, we identified gut/oral microbes that significantly correlated with clinical indices of rheumatic heart disease. In conclusion, patients with rheumatic heart disease manifested important alterations in microbiota that might distinguish the patients from control subjects and correlated with severity of this disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in Gut, Oral Cavity, and Mitral Valves Are Associated With Rheumatic Heart Disease

Shi

Chen

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In practical applications, some edible polymers ( 42 ) represent other options for this finger-related encryption/decryption process. Besides using fingerprint as template for unclonable coding, unique random patterns with physical unclonable functions can also be integrated into coding tags for unbreakable encryption ( 43 – 45 ). Here we demonstrated multilevel unclonable coding using randomly deposited PDMS patterns with multicolor designs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human hand as a powerless and multiplexed infrared light source for information decryption and complex signal generation

Shang

Jiang

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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With the increasing pursuit of intelligent systems, the integration of human components into functional systems provides a promising route to the ultimate human-compatible intelligent systems. In this work, we explored the integration of the human hand as the powerless and multiplexed infrared (IR) light source in different functional systems. With the spontaneous IR radiation, the human hand provides a different option as an IR light source. Compared to engineered IR light sources, the human hand brings sustainability with no need of external power and also additional level of controllability to the functional systems. Besides the whole hand, each finger of the hand can also independently provide IR radiation, and the IR radiation from each finger can be selectively diffracted by specific gratings, which helps the hand serve as a multiplexed IR light source. Considering these advantages, we show that the human hand can be integrated into various engineered functional systems. The integration of hand in an encryption/decryption system enables both unclonable and multilevel information encryption/decryption. We also demonstrate the use of the hand in complex signal generation systems and its potential application in sign language recognition, which shows a simplified recognition process with a high level of accuracy and robustness. The use of the human hand as the IR light source provides an alternative sustainable solution that will not only reduce the power used but also help move forward the effort in the integration of human components into functional systems to increase the level of intelligence and achieve ultimate control of these systems.

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“…170 Similar tagging methods have been combined with physically unclonable functions PUFs to create unclonable tags for protecting counterfeit pharmaceuticals, an industry plagued by counterfeits similar to semiconductors. 171 Laser scanning or probing of IC designs such as VLSI or monolithic integrated circuits is possible with EOTPR; however, it is limited by SNR of the laser probe and reflected pulses. Tagbased methods require a modification of the IC package during fabrication to allow for chipless tagging; however, methods based on manufacturing process variations have been proposed in 2020.…”

Section: Signals Emitted Under Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of THz-based semiconductor assurance

True

Jessurun

et al. 2021

Opt. Eng.

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Terahertz radiation for inspection and fault detection has been of interest for the semiconductor industry since the first generation and detection of THz signals. Until recent hardware advances, THz systems lacked the signal quality and reliability for use as an effective nondestructive testing (NDT) method. Incremental advances in THz sources, detectors, and signal processing resulted in the successful applied-industrial use of THz NDT techniques on carbon fiber laminates, automotive coatings, and for detection of counterfeit pharmaceutical tablets. Semiconductor inspection and verification methods ensure the functionality and thereby safety of vital electronics for several critical industries. For this reason, the reliability and verification of a THz NDT method must exceed currently used inspection systems. With recent laboratory access to THz radiation, THz inspection methods are often compared with existing optical, electrical, and volumetric semiconductor verification techniques for their production monitoring and failure analysis viability. This review will cover THz techniques and their applications at the printed circuit board (PCB), integrated circuit (IC), and transistor/gate scales. The THz radiation gap spans between optical and electronic ranges with a millimeter-sized wavelength allowing for adequate penetration of plastic and ceramic and semiconductor materials. THz radiation can be used to determine structural features, electrical signatures in the THz range, and chemical information simultaneously. Cost and environmental limitations restricted the ability for THz NDT semiconductor inspection methods to escape the lab and succeed in the dynamic environment of a semiconductor fabrication environment. Hybridized metrology methods incorporating information from multiple inspection tools are a regime where THz spectral and structural data can be combined with existing methods such as optical, x-ray, or E-beam. THz can be used initially to offer support to the complex failure analysis and verification requirements of the semiconductor industry from nanoscale to macroscale features and components. For THz systems to become independent inspection tools used for semiconductor production monitoring, in the lab or fab, this will require a confident level of statistical process control for THz signal generation, detection, or processing. Applied industrial semiconductor device inspection will likely be a result of a combination of research into THz hardware, reconstruction techniques, and the widespread application of machine learning techniques. Many breakthroughs occurred over the years to enable successful nondestructive characterization and inspection of semiconductor devices from the nanoscale transistors to fully packaged integrated circuits and assembled PCBs.

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Edible unclonable functions

Cited by 154 publications

References 63 publications

Microbiota in Gut, Oral Cavity, and Mitral Valves Are Associated With Rheumatic Heart Disease

Microbiota in Gut, Oral Cavity, and Mitral Valves Are Associated With Rheumatic Heart Disease

Human hand as a powerless and multiplexed infrared light source for information decryption and complex signal generation

Review of THz-based semiconductor assurance

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