Editorial: A systems approach to personalized exercise and nutrition in health and disease

Abstract

Editorial on the Research Topic Systems approach to personalized exercise and nutrition in health and disease Complex systems are an important field of study that involves several sciences and disciplines to understand how groups of individuals or biological entities interact with one another and their environment. These systems are characterized by their ability to adapt and selforganize, resulting in emergent behaviors that cannot be predicted by studying individual components in isolation. The collective intelligence of these systems arises from the interactions between the individual components and is often greater than the intelligence of any single component. Nonlinearity is a key feature of complex systems, meaning that small changes in initial conditions can lead to large and unpredictable effects over time. As a result, the study of complex systems has important implications for a wide range of fields, including public health, physical activity promotion and noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention research, policy, and practice (1).This idea of complexity in biological systems should be addressed from a reformulated insight that studies the fundamental processes of dynamics in living things, from their development (through self-organizing), going through cellular dynamics (structural stability), to physiological dynamics (changes over time). Fractal dimension is particularly useful in the study of complex systems because it allows researchers to quantify and compare the complexity of systems that may be too intricate to analyze using traditional methods. It refers to the degree of complexity or irregularity of a system and is often used to describe patterns that exhibit self-similarity at different scales. In sports sciences, since fractal dimension can provide information on the complexity and irregularity of the timeseries data, it can provide insight into the inter-and intracyclic changes of the stroke cycles in swimming (2). Also, fractal dimension has been reported as an index of performance fatigability at the end of a prolonged musculoskeletal contraction, where signal complexity decreases (3). By understanding the fractal dimension of complex TYPE

Social value framing of physical activity in European Member State policies: a content analysis

“…At the individual level, psychological factors such as motivation and both actual and perceived ability to participate are key to understanding behavioural change [see self-efficacy theory ( 10 , 11 ) and self-determination theory ( 12 )]. At the same time, PA is strongly influenced by interactions between individuals and their socio-environmental context including urban design, active transport infrastructures, perceived safety and social norms ( 13 , 14 ). Creating conducive physical and social environments which increase the feasibility of engaging in PA and support both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is essential ( 15 ).…”

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“…At the individual level, psychological factors such as motivation and both actual and perceived ability to participate are key to understanding behavioural change [see self-efficacy theory (10, 11) and self-determination theory (12)]. At the same time, PA is strongly influenced by interactions between individuals and their socio-environmental context including urban design, active transport infrastructures, perceived safety and social norms (13,14). Creating conducive physical and social environments which increase the feasibility of engaging in PA and support both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is essential (15).…”