Editorial: iSensor and iMedicine for human health

Abstract

Up to now, precise diagnosis and treatment of diseases have always been the hot Research Topic in the fields of analytical chemistry, biology and medicine (Nie et al., 2021;Hou et al., 2022). In order to serve public health and obtain a better understanding of diseases, in-depth researches have been carried out, with much more attention attached to the occurrence, mechanism, prevention and diagnosis of diseases, as well as safe and effective treatments, which play a critical role in disease events. Thus, iSensor (intelligentized sensor) and iMedicine (intelligentized medicine) were proposed to satisfy the high requirements for the recent medical environment.Diagnosis of disease can be divided into in vitro diagnosis and in vivo diagnosis. In vivo diagnosis can be further divided into two methods, wearable diagnosis (Zhu et al.) and in vivo imaging, both of which are already involved in important clinical practice. In addition, in vitro diagnosis refers to the diagnosis of diseases through the analysis of blood, urine, saliva, tears and even breath gas collected in the body, and combined with the analysis of active ingredients, and thus understand the disease by sensors. Among various in vitro diagnostic strategy, electrochemical immunosensor has received more and more attention due to its convenient and rapid detection. To increase the sensitivity of electrochemical sensor, methylene blue (MB) modified MWCNT (MWCNT-MB) was coated on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to increase the electron transfer property (Zhang et al.). Then, polydopamine was synthesized on MWCNT to connect the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody (Ab). With the addition of CEA, the redox signal of MWCNT-MB decreased due to the reduction of electron transfer efficiency. Thus, the immunosensor was applied to the detection of CEA with a low limit of detection (LOD). Similarly, chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composite and gold nanoparticles were modified on the surface of GCE to increase the electrochemical signal (Chang et al.). After the modification of Ab, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein was immobilized on GCE, reducing the electrochemical signal of added electrochemical probe ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− / 4− ).Furthermore, electroluminescence (ECL) was another research hotspot for its low background, fast detection speed and high detection sensitivity (Fereja et al., 2020;