Editorial: Pathogenic aspects of the innate immune system of the kidney

Concept and Diagnostic Challenges of Renal-Limited Hemophagocytic Syndrome/Macrophage Activation Syndrome

“…Macrophages in mice are classified into two types based on their phenotype and function: F4/80 low CD11b high monocyte-derived (bone marrow-derived) macrophages with proinflammatory cytokine-producing capacity (e.g., TNF or IL-12), and F4/80 high CD11b low tissue-resident macrophages with phagocytic activity [30]. Recent studies have shown that the kidney contains both types of macrophages (Figure 5) [31,32] and that various disease conditions affect their function and proportion [31,33]. Thus, it seems reasonable that the activation of macrophages and their interaction with cytotoxic lymphocytes occur locally in the kidneys of patients with renal-limited HPS/MAS; however, future research is needed to evaluate this hypothesis.…”

“…tissue-resident macrophages with phagocytic activity [30]. Recent studies have shown that the kidney contains both types of macrophages (Figure 5) [31,32] and that various disease conditions affect their function and proportion [31,33]. Thus, it seems reasonable that the activation of macrophages and their interaction with cytotoxic lymphocytes occur locally in the kidneys of patients with renal-limited HPS/MAS; however, future research is needed to evaluate this hypothesis.…”

“…Two distinct macrophage phenotypes within the kidneys of mice (cited from ref. [32]). Two macrophage populations exist in the kidney: one with F4/80 high, and the other with low.…”

“…Thus, it is difficult to diagnose this disease. [32]). Two macrophage populations exist in the kidney: one with F4/80 high, and the other with low.…”