Educating the Peasants: The Ottoman Army and Enlisted Men in Uniform

Yanikdağ, Yücel

doi:10.1080/0026320042000282892

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The military has also been seen as an institution for social promotion and for granting rights. Yanikdag (2004) argues that the Ottoman system of conscription provided a series of skills that would not have been available to peasants during the early 20 th century. These skills range from basic literacy to exposure to new social customs associated with modern society.…”

Section: Development Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These scholars typically use the experience of advanced industrial states to generalize to a broader universe of states. Other scholars have argued that inclusion of minorities includes the development of basic skills (Gill 1997;Yanikdag 2004;Weede 1986) and the increased levels of political participation (Leal 2003(Leal ,1999Ellison 1992).…”

Section: Latent Benefits Of Conscriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategic Vulnerability: An Analysis of Physical Geography, Environmental, and Material Components of Force Structure

Christensen¹

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The selection of a military recruitment method has historically been based on material capabilities and military objectives. Recruitment strategies range from coercively conscripting soldiers to encouraging volunteer enlistments. Historically, states around the globe have used large conscripted armies to wage war when they become fully mobilized for protracted military engagements against another state. However, the occurrence of war is by its very nature a rare occurrence in the international system. This begs the question of what types of military recruitment states are using as a function of choice rather than necessity. Existing literature on the selection of force structure is far more complex than existing historical models would imply. A range of factors including material capabilities, geopolitical conditions, foreign policy objectives, and institutional characteristics have all been proposed as potential explanations for the adoption of military manpower systems. These factors reflect the wide degree of variation among states in their choice of recruitment strategy. Existing case literature implies that states with similar geographic and socioeconomic conditions may cluster around a given recruitment method. However, much of the realist scholarship in international relations implies a strong emphasis on power or security maximization, thus implying a more uniform policy calculus. However, there has been little theoretical or empirical research in political science or geography to date that effectively addresses this crucial policy area. This study explores the relationship between physical geography, environmental factors, and force structure in order to investigate a small portion of the classical geopolitics literature. In order to investigate the problem of recruitment strategy, this study must develop a metric for comparison. Geographic Information Science (GIS) is used to develop an Index of Strategic Vulnerability for all states in the international system. This measure is composed of geographic and environmental variables including elevation, area, precipitation, and temperature. Data generated in the GIS are used to conduct duration models to examine the effects of geographic and environmental variables on the length of militarized interstate disputes. The results of this analysis indicate that increasingly difficult geographic and environmental conditions produce significantly longer conflicts. These finding provide empirical support for the existing case literature that claims geography and environmental factors matter in the conduct of war. Next, the geographic and environmental data are used with political and institutional control variables to empirically evaluate the relationship between force structure and the operational conditions. Statistical analysis is used to empirically test the impacts of geographic and environmental variables have on force structure. Results indicate that geographic factor of size increases the probability that a state will use conscription. The only environmental...

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Section: Development Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Latent Benefits Of Conscriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Vulnerability: An Analysis of Physical Geography, Environmental, and Material Components of Force Structure

Christensen¹

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‘The Little Brother of the Ottoman State’: Ottoman technocrats in Kabul and Afghanistan's development in the Ottoman imagination, 1908–23

O’Sullivan¹

2016

Mod. Asian Stud.

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By charting the activities of Ottoman experts in Afghanistan from 1908–23, this article demonstrates how their arrival precipitated a series of state-building practices rooted in the particular historical experience of Ottoman reform projects. The country thus became the object of an Ottomanmission civilisatriceand the beneficiary, in the eyes of certain figures within the Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress, of an avowedly Ottoman-Turkish modernity. Sharing this conviction were members of the Afghan royal family and its chief ministers, especially Maḥmūd Ṭarzī, who first invited the Ottoman advisers to Kabul. The provision of Ottoman technical assistance took a variety of forms, but is most evident in military, educational, and public health reforms enacted in Kabul in this period. Through the study of previously unexamined Ottoman, Afghan, and British sources, the aim here is to incorporate these events into discussions of Ottoman informal empire, Afghan developmentalism, and pan-Islam.

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Conscription in Turkey

Yıldırım¹,

Erdinc²

2007

EPSJ

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Following a brief account of the history and structure of Turkey's armed forces, the article reports on an effort to profile current conscripts using survey data. The samples suggest that over 50 percent of the conscripts believe that they would like to enlist beyond the conscription period, and 38 percent of those simply because they "like" the military, the highest percentage for any of the given reasons. It is, however, not known how many of the conscripts who say that they wish to reenlist will in fact reenlist once their term of conscription is fulfilled.

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Educating the Peasants: The Ottoman Army and Enlisted Men in Uniform

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Strategic Vulnerability: An Analysis of Physical Geography, Environmental, and Material Components of Force Structure

Strategic Vulnerability: An Analysis of Physical Geography, Environmental, and Material Components of Force Structure

‘The Little Brother of the Ottoman State’: Ottoman technocrats in Kabul and Afghanistan's development in the Ottoman imagination, 1908–23

Conscription in Turkey

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