Education and training for industrial biotechnology and engineering biology

Delebecque, Camille J.; Philp, Jim

doi:10.1049/enb.2018.0001

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Hence, the continuation of innovation funding is of key importance for all IB innovation systems. While established and emerging advanced life science technologies remain core competencies, significant progress may be expected from the integration with other technologies, such as environmentally benign chemical processes and with digital technologies and bioinformatics [57]. The specific technological challenges are partly similar and overlapping between the IS, to some degree specific challenges such as pre-treatment for lignocellulosic for ethanol exist.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Chains for Industrial Biotechnology in the Bioeconomy-Innovation System Analysis

Wydra

2019

Sustainability

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Industrial Biotechnology (IB) is considered as a key technology with a strong potential to generate new growth, spur innovation, increase productivity, and tackle environmental and climate challenges. Industrial Biotechnology is applied in many segments of the bioeconomy ranging from chemicals, biofuels, bioenergy, bio-based plastics, and other biomaterials. However, the segments differ profoundly regarding volume, price, type, and amount of needed feedstock, market condition, societal contributions as well as maturity, etc. This article aims to analyse a set of five different value chains in the technological innovation system (TIS) framework in order to derive adequate policy conclusions. Hereby, we focus on quite distinctive value chains to take into account the high heterogeneity of biotechnological applications. The analysis points out that policy maker have to take into account the fundamental differences in the innovation systems and to implement differentiated innovation policy to address system weaknesses. In particular, market formation is often the key bottleneck innovation systems, but different policy instruments for various application segments needed.

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Section: Discussion and Policy Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Chains for Industrial Biotechnology in the Bioeconomy-Innovation System Analysis

Wydra

2019

Sustainability

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“…It is entirely feasible that apprenticeships and day-release education will play a prominent part in developing this workforce. Higher education is rising to the challenges with a range of solutions from technician training, undergraduate degrees, Masters and interdisciplinary PhD programmes, massive open online courses (MOOCs) and business management courses [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Build a Sustainable Vaccines Industry with Synthetic Biology

Kitney

Bell²,

Philp

2021

Trends in Biotechnology

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The vaccines industry has not changed appreciably in decades regarding technology, and has struggled to remain viable, with large companies withdrawing from production. Meanwhile, there has been no let-up in outbreaks of viral disease, at a time when the biopharmaceuticals industry is discussing downsizing. The distributed manufacturing model aligns well with this, and the advent of synthetic biology promises much in terms of vaccine design. Biofoundries separate design from manufacturing, a hallmark of modern engineering. Once designed in a biofoundry, digital code can be transferred to a small-scale manufacturing facility close to the point of care, rather than physically transferring cold-chain-dependent vaccine. Thus, biofoundries and distributed manufacturing have the potential to open up a new era of biomanufacturing, one based on digital biology and information systems. This seems a better model for tackling future outbreaks and pandemics. The Vaccine Production Model Needs to ChangeThe COVID-19 crisis has cast the vaccines industry into scrutiny [1]; an industry that has been silently beleaguered for decades (https://www.who.int/immunization/programmes_systems/ procurement/mi4a/platform/module2/2019_Global_Vaccine_Market_Report.pdf?ua=1). A United States National Academy of Sciences study from 2003 [2] concluded that the amount that the nation spent on vaccines 'appears to be insignificant compared with that spent on other medical and social interventions that may have lesser social benefits.' Large company numbers that supply vaccines have steadily reduced [3]: some 80% of vaccines arise from five multinationals (https://www.who.int/immunization/programmes_systems/procurement/market/ global_supply/en/). At the heart of the problem is a tension between relatively poor financial returns to the vaccine industry and the high costs in production and R&D [4].Compared to small molecule pharmaceuticals, centralised vaccine production facilities are capital intensive [5]. Fixed costs are high [6], especially for new vaccines. For example, the need for eggs for production is at least 70 years old, is expensive and time-consuming, but difficult to replace [7]. In past high-income countries have paid a higher price until the fixed costs are amortised. Then lower-income countries have adopted vaccines as the price has dropped after paying the fixed costs. However, there is now tremendous pressure for a COVID-19 vaccine to be available for all who need it, effectively everyone. Distributed Manufacturing, a More-Sustainable Vaccine ModelThe long distribution chains of centralised vaccine production are patchy, resulting in incomplete geographical coverage [8] (Box 1). Even if there is no overall shortage, there may be where they are needed most. Centralisation of labour and production has been the norm in many industries, but in 2015 the World Economic Forum (WEF, see Glossary) put distributed manufacturing in its top ten emerging technologies for the year (https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/03/top- HighlightsBiofoun...

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“…Technical standards are of high priority that automate methods, the description and assembly of components, and documentation of the performance of engineered microbial strains. De Lorenzo and Schmidt (2018 [115]) argued that the adoption of standards will accelerate the transition to a future with advanced bioeconomy, driven by bio-based manufacturing.…”

Section: The Roles Of Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%