EE‐MRP: Energy‐Efficient Multistage Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have captivated substantial attention from both industrial and academic research in the last few years. The major factor behind the research efforts in that field is their vast range of applications which include surveillance systems, military operations, health care, environment event monitoring, and human safety. However, sensor nodes are low potential and energy constrained devices; therefore, energy-efficient routing protocol is the foremost concern. In this paper, an energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed. Our protocol consists of a routing algorithm for the transmission of data, cluster head selection algorithm, and a scheme for the formation of clusters. On the basis of energy analysis of the existing routing protocols, a multistage data transmission mechanism is proposed. An efficient cluster head selection algorithm is adopted and unnecessary frequency of reclustering is exterminated. Static clustering is used for efficient selection of cluster heads. The performance and energy efficiency of our proposed routing protocol are assessed by the comparison of the existing routing protocols on a simulation platform. On the basis of simulation results, it is observed that our proposed routing protocol (EE-MRP) has performed well in terms of overall network lifetime, throughput, and energy efficiency.

Integrating Software Engineering Processes in the Development of Efficient Intrusion Detection Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Some research studies have focused on building trust and reputation in WSNs at different contexts and using different measures [26][27][28]. However, in the past few years, it has been witnessed [9,12,25,29,30] that IDSs have been developed and are very well investigated by researchers. However, those developed IDSs are not efficient enough to detect all malicious behaviors in a WSN.…”

“…Moreover, the development of such systems is unstructured and does not deploy the software engineering processes; therefore, this research was conducted. Many IDSs were developed, but not with the best designs that provides the best performances [9,21,24,25].Building efficient IDSs for WSN is significant to ensure its secureness against different types of security attacks threatening its services. As part of the development of these IDSs is purely software-based, a clear software development life cycle (SDLC) should be identified and followed.…”

“…Moreover, the development of such systems is unstructured and does not deploy the software engineering processes; therefore, this research was conducted. Many IDSs were developed, but not with the best designs that provides the best performances [9,21,24,25].…”

Threshold Balanced Sampled DEEC Model for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The node with highest energy in a cluster is chosen as CH in a determined period and the all field is reclustered depending on the selected CHs. In one paper [23], an energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is recommended. This method consists of a routing algorithm for the transmission of data, CH choosing algorithm, and a scheme for the formation of clusters.…”

CS‐PLM: Compressive Sensing Data Gathering Algorithm Based on Packet Loss Matching in Sensor Networks

“…In recent years, with the progress in the theory of CS, researchers have started to investigate CS based data gathering algorithms for practical applications. The fact was considered in [8] that the data sparsity in realistic data sets would vary with time and space. Therefore, it was proposed to employ the autoregressive AR model to predict data changes and adaptively adjust the number of measurements to achieve the optimal reconstruction performance.…”