Efavirenz-induced catatonia

BackgroundCatatonia is a psychomotor dysregulation syndrome seen in several illnesses. Uncertainties exist regarding its prevalence and causes. While some research shows a strong association with mood disorders, other data show catatonia to be strongly associated with schizophrenia. Data from low- and middle-income countries are required.AimTo determine the clinical and demographic profile of patients with catatonia that received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) between 01 January 2012 and 31 December 2014.SettingThe study was conducted at Elizabeth Donkin Psychiatric Hospital in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape. The hospital has mostly patients admitted under the Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 as Involuntary Mental Health Care Users.MethodA retrospective chart review was conducted. Using the hospital ECT database, all files of patients who received ECT for catatonia were identified. Demographics, psychiatric and medical diagnoses, signs of catatonia and other data were abstracted from these files.ResultsForty-two patients received ECT for catatonia, of whom 34 (80.95%) were diagnosed with a psychotic illness. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis (n = 19; 45.24%), followed by psychotic disorder owing to a general medical condition (n = 8; 19.05). Human immunodeficiency deficiency virus was the cause in 75.00% of the patients whose medical conditions caused catatonia. Seven (16.67%) patients had mood disorders, with bipolar I disorder accounting for 6 (14.29%) of these.ConclusionPsychotic disorders were more frequent than mood disorders in the sample. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis, followed by psychotic disorder owing to a general medical condition.

show abstract

“… 18 Furthermore, treatments for HIV may have a number of neuropsychiatric side-effects, with reports of efavirenz causing catatonia. 20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and demographic profile of catatonic patients who received electroconvulsive therapy in a South African setting

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Psychotropics and antiretrovirals have complex metabolic interactions at the level of the cytochrome P450 family of hepatic enzymes (Tseng & Fosy, 1999). Some and sudden in onset (Lang et al, 2001;Peyriere et al, 2001; Sanz de la Garza et al, 2001;Sabato et al, 2002). Symptoms include twilight states, personality changes, with increased hostility, and cognitive disturbances (Lang et al, 2001; Treisman & Kaplan, of these interactions are bidirectional, leading to changed levels of both groups of drugs.…”

Section: Treatment Of Psychiatric Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric side-effects of medications: recent developments

Turjanski¹,

Lloyd²

2005

Adv. psychiatr. treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These symptoms usually begin shortly after the first days of therapy and generally resolve after 2-4 weeks of therapy. Serious psychiatric effects, including depression, hallucinations, aggression, mania, and psychosis, have been reported less commonly [4][5][6]. The risk of serious CNS adverse effects associated with use of EFV is greater in patients with mental illness or substance abuse disorders [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%