Efecto de ejercicios pliométricos modificados en voleibol categoría 13-15 años masculino (Effect of modified plyometric exercises in volleyball 13-15 years old male category)

Abstract

Los estudios de voleibol en pre-adolescentes masculinos son escasos pero necesarios para mantener la competitividad en torneos deportivos. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios pliométricos específicos a través de implementos deportivos para mejorar la fuerza explosiva en voleibolistas de 13-15 años. Se contaron con dos grupos: un grupo control (GC, n=12) y un grupo experimental (GE, n=13). El GC realizó un programa pliométrico convencional y el GE un programa pliométrico con implementos (entrenador de salto, arnes de resistencia, bandas de resistencia, etc.) por un periodo de doce semanas. La capacidad de salto pre-intervención y post-intervención se evaluó mediante las pruebas Alcance de Bloqueo, Alcance de Ataque, Abalakov y Squat Jump. Se aplicó pruebas-t y el test de Cohen para identificar diferencias estadísticas en el salto y el tamaño del efecto de la intervención (TE). Ambos grupos presentaron una ganancia en la capacidad de salto en las 4 pruebas, sin embargo, la única ganancia estadísticamente significativa se presentó en la prueba Abalakov (p=0.02), específicamente la ganancia fue de 5.415±2.60cm y un TE=0.54 (efecto mediano) para el GE y de 3.066±2.63cm y un TE de 0.73 (efecto mediano) para el GC. Se concluye que el programa de ejercicios pliométricos con implementos mejoró el salto vertical medido con la Prueba de Abalakov, el cual simula mejor las condiciones de juego. Es aconsejable continuar con estudios enfocados en la fuerza explosiva de este grupo etario, considerando la experiencia deportiva y desarrollo fisiológico del individuo; así también es importante que los programas de entrenamiento incluyan otros componentes (e.g. entrenamiento de la fuerza y velocidad, alimentación, y/o salud mental) que podrían influir en la fuerza explosiva. Palabras clave: Voleibol, pliometría, fuerza explosiva, salto vertical, implementos deportivos modernos. Abstract. Volleyball studies in male pre-adolescents are scarce but important to maintain competitiveness in sports tournaments. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a specific plyometric exercise program using sports implements to improve explosive strength in 13–15-year-old volleyball players. There were two groups: a control group (CG, n=12) and an experimental group (EG, n=13). The CG performed a conventional plyometric program and the GE a plyometric program with implements (jump trainer, resistance harness, resistance bands, etc.) for a period of twelve weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention jumping ability was assessed using the Block Jump, Attack Jump, Abalakov and Squat Jump tests. T-tests and Cohen's test were applied to identify statistical differences in jumping and intervention effect size (TE). Both groups presented a gain in jumping ability in the 4 tests, however the only statistically significant gain was presented in the Abalakov test (p=0.02), specifically the gain was 5.415±2.60cm and a TE=0.54 (median effect) for the GE and 3.066±2.63cm and a TE of 0.73 (median effect) for the GC. It is concluded that the plyometric exercise program with implements improved the vertical jump measured with the Abalakov Test, which better simulates game conditions. It is advisable to continue with studies focused on explosive strength in this age group, considering the sports experience and physiological development of the individual; it is also important that training programs include other components (e.g., strength and speed training, nutritional advice, and/or mental health) that could influence explosive strength. Key words: Volleyball, plyometric, explosive force, vertical jump, modern sports equipment.

Plyometric exercises program in lower limbs to boost the jumping capacity in female basketball players under 12

“…Plyometric exercises are known for being explosive actions performed in short periods of time, which combine strength with speed. This type of exercises involve a rapid transition in the muscular state, from a concentric to an eccentric contraction and consequently inducing neuromuscular changes that facilitate and improve the power and speed of congruent movement structures (Soto., 2023). Many jumping interventions have been performed in children and adolescents in order to improve bone-related variables and thus ensure healthy bone development during these periods and later in life.…”

The Football Players on Plyometric Exercise: A Systematic Review

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