Efecto de la densidad de siembra sobre el rendimiento y calidad del forraje de maíz.

Abstract

The experiment was condunted at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica, located at 1542 meters above sea level. The purpose was to determine the effect of plant density on total forage mass and the nutritive value of corn. Three diferent plant distances were used: 30 x 70 cm, 50 x 70 cm and 70 x 70 cm resulting in 47619, 28600 and 20449 plants per hectare, respectively. The first sampling was taken out 42 days after establishment and every two weeks thereafter, until 126 days. Dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin were analyzed for different parts of the plant. The values for celulose and hemicelulose were calculated. Total forage mass (kg/ha) was greater at higher plant densities. Dry matter content of leaves was higher than in stems, all of the plant densities. No significant difference (P<0,05) was found for crude protein content in the different parts of the plant. ADF was always higher in stems than in leaves. Stage of growth considerably affects biomass yield and nutritional quality of fodder. Before 70 days the dry matter content in leaves was higher than in stems. Latter accumulation of dry matter in stems was greater than in leaves. Crude protein content in leaves was over 18% during the first 70 days, then decreases a level of 13% at the end of the period. The lowest value of ADF was found before 84 days in leaves and stems. Under the enviromental conditions of this experiment, it appears that plant densities of about 48000 plants per hectare are optimal.

Using the Nitrification Inhibitor Nitrapyrin in Dairy Farm Effluents Does Not Improve Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Emissions but Reduces Methane Flux

“…13 • C, max. 23 • C) and annual precipitation of 1,500 mm from May to November (Elizondo and Boschini, 2001). Variation in daily temperature between July and November 2017 was small.…”

Composición nutricional del Tripsacum laxum fertilizado con nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio

“…El contenido de fibra en detergente neutro (FND) que se observó cuando el potasio fue suministrado al cultivo de Prodigioso, concuerda con un estudio realizado en maíz sembrado a 30, 50 y 70 cm de distancia entre plantas, donde se reportaron valores contenidos de FND en la hoja de 70,85%, 71,57% y 69,20%, en el orden de las distancias de siembra mencionado previamente, con una fertilización de 44 kg K/ha/año (Elizondo y Boschini, 2001).…”

“…Los contenidos máximos de cenizas fueron similares a lo reportado para Prodigioso con una edad de cosecha de 365 días, donde el promedio fue de 13,42% (Vargas, 2009); pero fueron más altos que los valores de 12,87%, 12,35%, 12,27% (Elizondo y Boschini, 2001) y 8,67% (Boschini-Figueroa y Elizondo-Salazar, 2004) reportados en maíz.…”

Desarrollo productivo y cualitativo de maíz híbrido para ensilaje.

“…El maíz híbrido tuvo ventaja en el rendimiento de materia seca sobre el maíz criollo adaptado a la zona alta de Cartago (17,8 t/ha vs 15,2 t a 126 y 121 días respectivamente) reportado por Amador et al (2000) y una menor concentración de proteína cruda (2 a 4%). Los niveles de fibra neutro detergente y las fracciones componentes, fueron concordantes a las reportadas por Elizondo et al (2001). Los niveles de cenizas (14 a 7%) se encontraron en el mismo rango, en similares edades de crecimiento.…”