Efecto de la gallinaza en plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en desarrollo.

Abstract

We studied the effect of the organic chicken manure on the growth and development of cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.), during their juvenile stage. The experiment was initiated in February, 1993, in three commercial plantations, 20 months old, located in the county of El Rama, Region V. During the following 14 months we carried out three application , comparing, the three levels of chicken manure (454 , 908 . and 1,362 g per tree and application) with mineral fertilizer (three applications , of 15-15-15fertilizers100 g per tree, plus one application of, urea 100 g per tree), and a check without any applications. A random complete bolck design was utilized and means were compared by, Duncan’s test and regression and correlation analyses were also made. The results showed that with the application of 1,362 g of chicken manure, a significatively higher effect over the initial production of cocoa, and an increase of the stalk diameter were observed. The applications of 454 and 908, of chicken manure resulted in production levels equal to those of the treatment with mineral fertilizers. In relation to plant height, we did not find statistical differences among treatments. The treatment without fertilizer , showed the smallest growth and lower production.

Response to organic fertilization in mango cultivars: Manila, Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo

“…The null effect of fertilizers coincide with the observations by Corrales et al (2000) who, upon evaluating de addition of chicken manure (doses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg plant -1 ), mineral fertilizers, and the interaction between these in a recently established guava orchard, noted that eight months after the application of the fertilizers, the trees showed a statistical likeness in trunk width. Nevertheless, it contrasts with Orozco and Thienhaus (1997), who evaluated in cacao trees the effect of chicken manure in different doses (450, 908, and 1362 g plant -1 ), comparing this against 100 g of the formula 15-15-15 NPK and an absolute control; they found statistical differences between organic and mineral sources compared against the control. There is no reference of the effect of organic fertilization on trunk diameter increase in mango; although there is reference to other growth variables that could be directly related with trunk increase, such as plant height and foliar area.…”

“…It has been appreciated that the organic fertilizer also affects the nutritional composition of the soil, Corrales et al (2003) found a higher pH, more organic matter, content P 2 O 5 and K 2 O content than control, when they fertilized with vermicompost (30 kg tree -1 ), combined with a mineral doses, ten years old Super Haden trees of Orozco and Thienhaus (1997), did four applications of fertilizers over a period of 14 months: chicken manure (454 g, 908 g, 1362 g tree -1 ) and 100 g of 15-15-15 + 100 g of urea to Theobroma cacao trees with two years of age; they found that chicken manure doses of 1362 g tree -1 had higher pH, organic matter, K, Ca and Mg, than mineral fertilizer and control. The positive influence of organic sources has been noticed in other fruit-trees.…”

Effect of feather compost on soil chemical indicators in CCN-51 cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.)

“…These interactions improve the availability of P, block potential reaction sites with Fe, Al and Ca (Martínez et al, 2008) and increase the retention capacity of different soil metals (Firme et al, 2014). There is limited information on the capacity of different types of compost in reducing aluminum, however, Orozco and Thienhaus (1997) found trends in Al 3+ decline and signal the potential of compost to improve this chemical soil indicator. Therefore, pen compost feather performs better compared to traditional compost to reduce aluminum toxicity levels in acidic soils, thus showing its great potential and differentiation with other types of compost.…”

Fertilización orgánica con tres niveles de gallinaza en cuatro cultivares de papa

“…Este hecho corroboró parcialmente los resultados que fueron mostrados anteriormente cuando se compararon sus promedios aritméticos con la prueba de Tukey. La gallinaza es uno de los abonos orgánicos que ayudan a mejorar las propiedades biológicas del suelo (Estrada et al, 2004;Orozco y Thienhaus, 1997), pero también contribuye al incremento en la acidez de los suelos, particularmente los de origen volcánico, como los que predominan en el área de estudio. La adaptación de las papas a Valles Altos del Centro de México ha hecho que esta especie sea una alternativa importante para los productores.…”