Efecto inhibitorio de extractos de Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr. y Lantana camara L. en preemergencia y posemergencia.

Abstract

Cerca viva de Swinglea glutinosa en el eje cafetero (Colombia). Foto G. Fischer Para determinar el efecto inhibitorio de los extractos vegetales extraídos de las especies Swinglea glutinosa y Lantana camara se realizaron ensayos de preemergencia y posemergencia, con siete concentraciones (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 3,0 y 5,0% v/v), a cinco especies de arvenses (Senna obtusifolia, Amaranthus dubius, Rumex crispus, Brassica rapa y Poligonum segetum) y cinco de cultivos comerciales (arroz, maíz, zanahoria, lechuga y tomate). En los ensayos de preemergencia se observó que el extracto de Swinglea inhibió la germinación y disminuyó la longitud radicular de las arvenses cuando se aplicó a las semillas con la concentración más baja (0,5%). Para los extractos de Lantana se requirió de una dosis media de 2,0% para observar el efecto de control en las variables evaluadas. Contrario a ello, no se observó un efecto deletéreo al realizar la aplicación a las semillas de cultivos comerciales. En las pruebas de posemergencia se observó que la aplicación de extractos no afectó el normal desarrollo de las plantas de cultivos comerciales, a diferencia de las arvenses, que mostraron daño entre los grados 3 y 9 de la escala de severidad, a partir de la concentración de 3,0%. Se recomienda realizar futuras investigaciones para identificación de metabolitos secundarios y ampliación de pruebas de posemergencia, con el fin de pensar en mecanismos de control de arvenses de forma ecológica y segura para el ambiente. 224 ABSTRACTTo determine the inhibitory effect of plant extracts taken from the species Swinglea glutinosa and Lantana camara on pre-emergence and post-emergence in five species of weeds (Senna obtusifolia, Amaranthus dubius, Rumex crispus, Polygonum segetum and Brassica rapa) and five commercial crops (rice, corn, carrot, lettuce and tomato), applications of seven concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0% v/v) were evaluated. In trials for pre-emergence it was shown that the extract of Swinglea inhibited germination and decreased the length of roots in weeds when applied to seeds with the lowest concentration (0.5%). With extracts of Lantana, an average dose of 2.0% was required to observe an effect on the control variables. Contrary to this, there was no deleterious effect observed as a result of the applications to the seeds of the commercial crops. For the postemergence studies, it was noted that the implementation of extracts did not affect the normal development of crops, unlike the weeds, which showed damage between grades 3 and 9 on the severity scale starting with the concentration of 3.0%. Undertaking further research is recommended to identify secondary metabolites and expand evidence on post-emergence, in order to develop control mechanisms for weeds that are safe for the environment.Additional key words: germination, development, metabolites. (2005), quien encontró que extractos acuosos de Lantana camara afectaban la germinación de diversas semillas de arvenses, y con los reportados por con respecto al rest...

Alelopatía del extracto de Campomanesia lineatifolia sobre Taraxacum officinale

“…(Rutaceae) y Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) fue evaluado sobre semillas de diferentes arvenses. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos tienen potencial inhibitorio sobre la germinación de las especies evaluadas (Gil et al, 2012), lo que concuerda con los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio.…”

Bioherbicidal activity of seed extract of Campomanesia lineatifolia on the weed Sonchus oleraceus L.

“…According to Jabran (2017), the chemical inhibitors contained in plant extracts produced by allelopathic agents correspond to secondary metabolites and belong to various classes of compounds such as phenols, aldehydes, glucosides, terpenes, and organic cyanogenic compounds. Gil et al (2010) reported that the application of the extracts of Swinglea glutinosa and Lantana camara inhibited the germination of Senna obtusifolia, Amaranthus dubius, Rumex crispus, Brassica rapa, and Poligonum segetum. In the case of Swinglea, the extracts inhibit germination with the concentration 0.5% and Lantana inhibits germination with an extract of 2.0% (Gil et al, 2010).…”

“…Gil et al (2010) reported that the application of the extracts of Swinglea glutinosa and Lantana camara inhibited the germination of Senna obtusifolia, Amaranthus dubius, Rumex crispus, Brassica rapa, and Poligonum segetum. In the case of Swinglea, the extracts inhibit germination with the concentration 0.5% and Lantana inhibits germination with an extract of 2.0% (Gil et al, 2010). Seabra et al (2017) evaluated allelopathic concentrations of Canavalia ensiformis on the seed germination of Carthamus tinctorius, where the inhibition was obtained with an extract concentration of 75% indicating that the extract of C. lineatifolia is very efficient because it needed only 3% to inhibit germination.…”

Effect of Essential Oils of Wild Herbs on Germination and Seed Bank of a Commercial Lot in Fusagasuga (Colombia)

“…and Parietaria judaica L. Its activity differed according to arvense on which acted: completely inhibited germination of A. hybridus, and controlled almost completely the germination of C. canadensis and P. judaica all concentrations tested, with no differences between them. Gil et al 16 determined the inhibitory effect of plant extracts of the species Swinglia glutinosa and Lantana camara, performing tests pre-emergence and post-emergence. In pre-emergence tests it found that S. glutinosa extract inhibited germination and root length decreased weeds when seed was applied with the lowest concentration (0.5%).…”