Efectos de la extracción de turba sobre la composición y estructura de una turbera de Sphagnum explotada y abandonada hace 20 años, Chile

Abstract

Magellanic Sphagnum peatlands are characterized by their ability to maintain biodiversity and water cycle of subantarctic ecosystems, together withits contribution to the global carbon storage through the slow production and accumulation of peat. Through industrial peat extraction, these wetlands have become an economic resource for the past 30 years, generating impacts on the landscape, hydrology and flora of these ecosystems. To evaluate the effects of peat extraction on peatland vegetation, we studied a Sphagnum peatland exploited 20 years ago in the locality of Río Rubens, Province of Última Esperanza, Magallanes, Chile. 42 plots of 1 m 2 were studied in order to determine differences in species composition and plant coverage. In total 24 taxa were identified, 8 of these were alien to the study area, all classified as invasive. Significant differences where found in floristic composition between the exploited and non exploitedares. The mechanical modification of the area, as a result of peat extraction and construction of drainage channels, favors the arrival of exotic flora specimens such as Rumex acetosella, Carex canescens, Holcus lanatus and Hieracium pilosella.

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

“…(), 2 Buscardo et al. (), 3 Christensen and Heilmann‐Clausen (), 4 Domínguez, Bahamonde, and Muñoz‐Escobar (), 5 López‐Quintero, Straatsma, Franco‐Molano, and Boekhout (), 6 Nöske et al. (), 7 Norton, Espie, Murray, and Murray (), 8 Peri, Lencinas, Martínez Pastur, Wardell‐Johnson, and Lasagno (), 9 Robinson and Williams (), 10 Barratt et al.…”

ThePREDICTSdatabase: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

“…; 3 Domínguez et al. ; 4 Nöske et al. ; 5 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ; 6 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ; 7 Sheil et al.…”

Calluna Vulgaris (L.) Hull (Ericaceae) en Dos Turberas de Sphagnum Magellanicum Brid (Sphagnaceae) Intervenidas por la Extracción de Turba: Nueva Adición para la Flora Vascular Adventicia de la Región de Magallanes, Chile

“…Las modificaciones generales sufridas por ambas turberas (topografía, vegetación, hidrología), favorecen el arribo y establecimiento de especies exóticas como ha sido descrito para otras turberas abandonadas en la región (Dominguez et al, 2012). En este sentido, la presencia de C. vulgaris puede ser considerada como un establecimiento de desarrollo insipiente en San Juan y con características de naturalización para El Andino por la magnitud de su cobertura (Quiroz et al, 2009 …”