“…Modulation of Ca v 2.2 channel activity is implied in the pharmacodynamics of pain-relieving compounds, such as other Gi-coupled receptor agonists, eg, opioids, cannabinoids, neuropeptide Y, and substance P. 7,78,81,87,91 Also, the neuropathic pain analgesics gabapentin and pregabalin 28 inhibit Ca v 2.2mediated synaptic transmission. 6,88 Gabapentinoids are effective in reducing visceral pain and preventing spinal neuronal activation associated with CRD in animals 62,69,79 and have been suggested to be treatments for IBS. 11 A direct inhibitor of Ca v 2.2 channel activity, ziconotide, is currently used clinically for pain therapy, although it is limited to the intrathecal route.…”