Effect of a pulsating flow on hydrodynamics and fluid catalytic cracking chemical reaction in a circulating fluidized bed riser

Electrochemical processing in molten salts – a nuclear perspective

“…McMillan and Abelson, 131 later questioned whether a decay product had formed from their new find and a year later Seaborg et al published their work on the discovery of element 94 or plutonium. 132 There are 22 known isotopes of neptunium that have been characterised; however, most radioanalytical chemists will be concerned with the three whose half-lives make them obtainable: 237 Np (2.14 million years), 238 Np (2.12 days) and 239 Np (2.35 days). 133 Tens of kilograms of neptunium, alongside associated waste, have been produced worldwide.…”

“…Americium was first discovered in 1944 by Seaborg et al who realised that through the controlled bombardment of neutrons with 238 U and 239 Pu atoms, it was possible to produce other heavy elements. 145 Americium was generated as a result of the irradiation of 238 U with neutrons to form 241 Pu. This subsequently led to the observation that 241 Pu undergoes beta-decay according to the following process.…”

“…This subsequently led to the observation that 241 Pu undergoes beta-decay according to the following process. 238 U -239 Pu (n,g) 240 Pu (n,g) 241 Pu -241 Am (28) For domestic applications, americium, 241 Am, is used in sub microgram quantities (approx. 0.3 mg) in domestic smoke alarm detectors.…”

“…These products were then isolated and investigated to determine both chemical and physical properties. The isotopes of curium occupy a wide range in mass which extends from 238 Cm to 251 Cm. In general, the curium radioisotopes are difficult to work with, but two of its isotopes, 242 Cm and 244 Cm, have been used in power sources with amenable results.…”

Scaling of catalytic cracking fluidized bed downer reactor based on CFD simulations—Part II: effect of reactor scale

“…These two approaches are the effective methods that currently used to predict gas-solid multiphase ow behaviors coupled with chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] However, the latter is widely used due to its simplicity and relatively low computational cost. In addition, several researchers applied the CFD approach to simulate FCC in uidized bed reactors.…”