Effect of a split-injections strategy on the atomisation rate for charge stratification using a high pressure gasoline multi-hole injector

Dhanji, Meghnaa; Zhao, Hua

doi:10.4271/2019-01-2248

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, these droplets seem to create a slip-stream region whereby the droplets from the second injection possess higher overall velocities in the second injection event. This indicates that the droplets from the first injection not only creates a region where the droplets from the second injection are encouraged to accelerate, but also causes the angle of the second plume to reduce slightly, as was also reported in the previous study, 28 whereby a reduction in the second injection's spray angle was observed. This is independent of the dwell time, as both dwell times indicate a similar transient trend.…”

Section: Spray Characterisation -1:1 Split Ratiosupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Images of the flow field for 0.6–0.3 ms PWs, dwell time of 2 ms and injection pressure of 35 MPa. 28 The images represent the flow field at: (a) end of first injection, (b) start of second injection and (c) end of the second injection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The droplets from the first injection did not only form a region where the droplets from the second injection had accelerated through, but had also caused the angle of the second plume to reduce slightly, as was also reported in the former study of the campaign. 28 Large fluctuations in velocities observed with both short and large PWs were due to the high injection pressure generating large pressure waves, thereby increasing shot-to-shot variability. SMDs for the shorter PW of 0.4 ms were generally larger than 0.8 ms PW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reduces the possibility of the droplets coalescence as well as the penetration length of the second injection. [28][29][30][31] It was found that the first injection increased the local turbulence levels in the flow field as a result of the first spray interacting with the surrounding air. The subsequent injection/s entered a flow field with higher turbulence levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of split injection properties on the spray characteristics using a solenoid high-pressure injector

Dhanji

Zhao

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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An on-going challenge with Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines is achieving rapid activation of the exhaust catalyst during cold starts, in order to reduce the Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions. Injecting late in the compression stroke, in the efforts to form a stratified mixture, provides the fuel insufficient time to be entrained with the surrounding charge. This results in locally fuel rich diffusion combustion and the formation of high levels of particulate matter. Employing a split injection strategy can help tackle these issues. The current study examines the effects of a split injection strategy on the spray characteristics. Varying pulse width (PW) combinations, split ratios and dwell times are investigated using a Solenoid actuated high pressure injector. The injected quantity and the droplet characteristics of a target plume are investigated. The experiments were performed in a constant volume spray chamber. The droplet velocities and sizes were measured using Phase Doppler Particle Anemometry (PDA). Short and large PWs, in the range of 0.3–0.8 ms, were investigated. The results revealed that the highest injected quantity of fuel was measured with the shortest dwell time of 2 ms, owing to increased interactions between the injection events, which led to larger Sauter mean diameters (SMDs) measured. The SMDs for the shorter PW of 0.4 ms were generally larger than 0.8 ms PW. The droplets in this case were affected by the closely spaced opening and closing events of the Solenoid valve.

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Section: Spray Characterisation -1:1 Split Ratiosupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of split injection properties on the spray characteristics using a solenoid high-pressure injector

Dhanji

Zhao

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Effect of Injector Type and Intake Boosting on Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Spray-Guided Gasoline Direct Injection Engine—A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Kumar,

Bhaduri,

Mallikarjuna

2024

Engines

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<div>In general, GDI engines operate with stratified mixtures at part-load conditions enabling increased fuel economy with high power output, however, with a compensation of increased soot emissions at part-load conditions. This is mainly due to improper in-cylinder mixing of air and fuel leading to a sharp decrease in gradient of reactant destruction term and heat release rate (HRR), resulting in flame quenching. The type of fuel injector and engine operating conditions play a significant role in the in-cylinder mixture formation. Therefore, in this study, a CFD analysis is utilized to compare the effect of stratified mixture combustion with multi-hole solid-cone and hollow-cone injectors on the performance and emission characteristics of a spray-guided GDI engine.</div> <div>The equivalence ratio (<i>ϕ</i>) from 0.6 to 0.8 with the constant engine speed of 2000 rev/min is considered. For both injectors, the fuel injection pressure of 200 bar is used with 60° spray-cone angles. For lean boosting conditions, intake pressures of 1 bar, 1.2 bar, and 1.4 bar are maintained for 0.8 equivalence ratio cases for both injectors. Results from the CFD analysis are compared with those of the available experimental results with good agreement. Analyzing the results, naturally aspirated and intake boosting conditions for <i>ϕ</i> of 0.8, mixture distribution and flame propagation for the multi-hole solid injector are better than hollow-cone injector. Also, for the <i>ϕ</i> of 0.8, naturally aspirated mode, the soot emissions by the hollow-cone injector are higher by about 90%, and the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions are higher by about 19% compared to that of the multi-hole solid-cone injector. Under boosted intake pressure conditions, for the hollow-cone injector, the soot emissions are higher by about 97%–99%, and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions are higher by about 7%–6% compared to the multi-hole solid-cone injector. Also, HC and CO emissions are considerably lower for the hollow-cone injector than that of the multi-hole solid-cone injector.</div>

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Effect of a Split-Injection Strategy on the Atomisation Rate Using a High Pressure Gasoline DI Injector

Dhanji

Zhao

2020

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Effect of a split-injections strategy on the atomisation rate for charge stratification using a high pressure gasoline multi-hole injector

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Investigations of split injection properties on the spray characteristics using a solenoid high-pressure injector

Investigations of split injection properties on the spray characteristics using a solenoid high-pressure injector

Effect of Injector Type and Intake Boosting on Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Spray-Guided Gasoline Direct Injection Engine—A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Effect of a Split-Injection Strategy on the Atomisation Rate Using a High Pressure Gasoline DI Injector

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