Effect of Acceleration on Wrap Faced Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall on Soft Clay by Performing Shaking Table Test

Abstract

<jats:p>This research incorporates shaking table testing of scale wrap faced soil wall models to evaluate the seismic response of embankment. Currently the seismic designs of highway or railway embankment rely on little or no empirical data for calibrating numerical simulations. This research is working towards filling that empirical data gap. The specific purpose of the study was to evaluate the seismic response of constructed embankment model regarding the different input base accelerations with fixed frequency. A series of one-dimensional (1D) shaking table tests (0.05g, 0.1g, 0.15g and 0.2g), were performed on a 0.4 meters high wrap faced reinforced-soil wall model. Additionally, it was placed over 0.3 meters high soft clayey foundation. Predominantly, the influence of the base acceleration on the seismic response was studied in this paper. The physical models were subjected to harmonic sinusoidal input motions at a fixed frequency of 1 Hz, in order to assess the seismic behavior. The effects of parameters such as acceleration amplitudes and surcharge pressures on the seismic response of the model walls were considered. The relative density of the backfill material was kept fixed at 60%. The results of this study reveal that input accelerations and surcharge load had significant influence on the model wall, pore water pressure, and changes along the elevation. Acceleration response advances with the increase in base acceleration, so the difference being more perceptible at higher elevations. The pore water pressures were found to be high for high base shaking and low surcharge pressures at higher elevations. The results obtained from this study are helpful in understanding the relative performance of reinforced soil retaining wall under different test conditions resting on soft clay.</jats:p>

Soil Zonation and The Shaking Table Test of The Embankment on Clayey Soil

“…These test results of acceleration are partially similar to the (Cai et al, 2019;Fleming et al, 2016;Hore et al, 2020).…”

“…Moreover, it may be damaged due to the softening of soilfoundation (Ering & Sivakumar Babu, 2020;Krishna & Latha, 2007;Kumar et al, 2020;Latha & Krishna, 2006;Zhou et al, 2020). The Soil and Structure Interaction (SSI) system was considered in this experimental study, to simulate actual soil-foundation (Bullock et al, 2019;Çelebi et al, 2019;He & Jiang, 2019;Hore et al, 2020;Srilatha, et al, 2013;Srinivasan et al, 2016). Soft soils in Dhaka, Bangladesh were used to build the soilfoundation.…”

Systematic Approach of Earthquake Awareness Analysis in Bangladesh

“…Along the Himalayan front, there is an elevated probability of earthquakes of this magnitude, which would cause severe shaking that would directly impact the nation. A large portion of Bangladesh is likely to experience damaging moderate to powerful earthquakes, based upon historical data [9] .…”

“…(3) Compare the change of the awareness scenario with the past time (4) Recommended for the awareness preparedness activities to increase the awareness level Figure 1 The major fault line in Bangladesh [9]…”

Design Philosophy for Buildings’ Comfort-Level Performance

“…The design codes, which only focus on a structure's strength, do not suffice to protect inhabitants from injury. The behavior of buildings with the reinforced concrete subjected to lateral loads has been tested to evaluate their strengths [9][10][11]. The casualties attributable to the extensive shaking of a non-collapsed or damaged building should be considered.…”