Effect of acid leaching on upgrading the graphite concentrate from West Kalimantan (Indonesia)

Syarifuddin, Fahmi; Florena, Fenfen Fenda; Hanam, Eko Sulistio; Trisko, Nici; Kustiyanto, Eko; Enilisiana,; Rianto, Anton; Arinton, Ghenadi

doi:10.1063/1.4941905

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To overcome this shortcoming, carbon nanotubes are layered over RGO, which conductively binds with graphene and provides ballistic transport of electrons from photoanode to cathode to increase the efficiency of the overall PEC water splitting process. RGO and CNT collectively provide a good electronic transmission channel and lower the impedance of the electrode 19‐21 . In this research, nanocomposite layering of the above‐mentioned materials, following four different combinations of photoanodes (RGO/CNT/BiVO 4 , RGO/CNT/Ni/BiVO 4 , RGO/CNT/Cu/BiVO 4 , RGO/CNT/Ni/Cu/BiVO 4 ), have been prepared using fluorine tin oxide (FTO) as a substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RGO and CNT collectively provide a good electronic transmission channel and lower the impedance of the electrode. [19][20][21] In this research, nanocomposite layering of the above-mentioned materials, following four different combinations of photoanodes (RGO/CNT/BiVO 4 , RGO/CNT/Ni/BiVO 4 , RGO/CNT/Cu/BiVO 4 , RGO/CNT/Ni/Cu/BiVO 4 ), have been prepared using fluorine tin oxide (FTO) as a substrate. The layer-by-layer deposition of these materials makes it a unique combination for highly electroactive OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in PEC water splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of plasmonic nanoparticles for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in photoelectrochemical water splitting

Shabbir

Ajmal

Haris

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Monoclinic scheelite phase of n‐type bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) as a solar‐driven catalyst‐based photoanode is emerging as an optimistic approach for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting because of features such as maximum light harvesting potential in visible spectrum, nontoxicity, earth abundance and stability under electrochemical conditions. The photoelectrochemical cell is a coherent and eco‐friendly technique to convert solar energy into a renewable energy source like hydrogen with zero carbon emissions. Here we fabricated nanocomposite‐based photoanodes RGO/CNT/BiVO4, RGO/CNT/Ni/BiVO4, RGO/CNT/Cu/BiVO4 and RGO/CNT/Ni/Cu/BiVO4 by layering reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to act as a transmission channel for fast transport of electrons with non‐noble electrocatalyst nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles and visible driven photoactive bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanomaterial on fluorine‐doped tin oxide by using electrodeposition and the drop casting method. The absorption edge was analyzed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Tauc plots, which clearly indicated a decreasing trend in the bandgap of BiVO4, thereby increasing the absorption spectrum with improved charge transfer rate. To scrutinize the proficiency of the electrochemical reaction during water splitting for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction of photoanodes, electrochemical testing was done using linear sweep voltammetry, which distinctly showed that the fabricated photoanode RGO/CNT/Ni/Cu/BiVO4 possessed high photo‐response at an overpotential of 190 mV, with a lower Tafel slope of 119 mV dec−1. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of plasmonic nanoparticles for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in photoelectrochemical water splitting

Shabbir

Ajmal

Haris

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…To provide raw materials for the large flake production of graphene, Panatarani et al [13] increased the carbon content of natural graphite samples from West Kalimantan from 68% to 97.68% by acid-leaching method. Later, Syarifuddin et al [14] further increased the carbon content to 98%. Using a reactor with an external magnetic field, Ren et al [15] increased the fixed carbon content of the sample from 79.03% to 98.65% by stepwise purification with sulfuric acid/hydrofluoric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Purification Technology of Ultra-Large Flake Graphite Based on Alkali-Acid Method

Guo

Bao

Zhao

et al. 2021

MSF

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Graphite is a strategically scarce resource, and the preparation of high-purity graphite is the prerequisite and basis for the application of graphite. In order to determine the optimal purification technology parameters of an ultra-large flake graphite mine pneumatic separation ore with a fixed carbon content of 77.69%, a particle size of mainly 10 to 40 mesh, and main impurities of calcium carbonate, iron oxide and silica , two additional experiments of acid method and alkali method were added on the basis of alkali-acid method, to investigate the purification effect of different technological processes and acid leaching times on graphite raw materials, as well as to analyze the retention extent of different methods and alkali fusion temperature on graphite ultra-large flake structure. The results show that all three methods can increase the fixed carbon content of graphite to above 99%. However, compared with the acid method and the alkali method, the alkali-acid method can obtain high-purity graphite while also better protecting the graphite's ultra-large flake structure. The optimal fusion temperature is 400 °C, the optimal acid leaching time is 30% sulfuric acid thrice and 5% hydrofluoric acid once. After purification, the fixed carbon content of the product exceeds 99.97%.

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A Comparison of Production Routes for Natural Versus Synthetic Graphites Destined for Battery Material

Adham,

Francey

2023

Proceedings of the 62nd Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2023

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Effect of acid leaching on upgrading the graphite concentrate from West Kalimantan (Indonesia)

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Role of plasmonic nanoparticles for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in photoelectrochemical water splitting

Role of plasmonic nanoparticles for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in photoelectrochemical water splitting

Research on Purification Technology of Ultra-Large Flake Graphite Based on Alkali-Acid Method

A Comparison of Production Routes for Natural Versus Synthetic Graphites Destined for Battery Material

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