Effect of Adhesive Application Method on the Enamel Bond Durability of a Two-Step Adhesive System Utilizing a Universal Adhesive-Derived Primer

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the adhesive application method on the durability of the enamel bond and the thickness of the adhesive layer. A new-generation two-step universal adhesive system, G2-Bond Universal, and two conventional two-step adhesive systems were utilized. The shear bond strength to bovine enamel was measured after thermal cycling in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes. Fifteen specimens were divided into three groups as follows: Group I, wherein a strong air stream was applied over the bonding agent for 5 s; Group II, wherein a gentle air stream was applied over the bonding agent for 5 s; and Group III, which was prepared as in Group II, followed by the application of a second layer of the bonding agent and a gentle air stream for 5 s. The durability of the enamel bond and thickness of the tested adhesives were influenced by the application method in both etching modes. The application method used in Group II appeared to be most suitable in terms of the bonding of the adhesives to the enamel. The new-generation two-step self-etch adhesive, comprising a universal adhesive-derived primer and a hydrophobic bonding agent, showed superior bond performance to the conventional two-step adhesive systems.

Influence of bonding agent application method on the dentin bond durability of a two‐step adhesive utilizing a universal‐adhesive‐derived primer

“…Three different types of two-step adhesive systems were used in the present study. G2-Bond Universal is the most recent two-step adhesive system, and utilizes universal adhesive technologies for its primer along with a highly hydrophobic bonding agent [4][5][6]. Theoretically, G2-Bond Universal can be used in the etch-and-rinse and/or self-etch mode with both enamel and dentin because the primer is similar in composition to universal adhesives [15].…”

“…Previous studies have shown that double layer application of universal adhesives and single-step self-etch adhesives enhance the immediate bond strength and durability of the enamel and dentin bond under fatigue stress [9][10][11]. On the other hand, Takamizawa et al [6] reported that the application of a thin layer of bonding agent using a strong stream of air resulted in a significantly lower immediate enamel bond strength compared to those observed in specimens in which the bonding agent was applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. Although the thickness of the bonding agent is thought to influence the bond effectiveness of the adhesive system, the optimal thickness required remains unclear; the optimal thickness probably varies with the type of adhesive system used.…”

Investigation of the Effects of Adhesive Materials of Different Types and Thicknesses on Dental Tissue Stress via FEM Analysis

“…The thicker the adhesive layer, the higher the magnitude of the peel stresses and strains and thus the larger the bending deformation [ 47 ]. Takamizawa et al in their study changed the adhesive thickness clinically by applying strong or light air to the adhesive material, increasing or decreasing the air application time, and applying the adhesive material in layers [ 48 ].…”

Bond durability of a two-step adhesive with a universal-adhesive-derived primer in different etching modes under different degradation conditions

“…A new type of two-step SE adhesive system comprising a HEMA-free primer and a hydrophobic bonding agent has been developed using universal adhesive technology [24][25][26] . Unlike the traditional primer in three-or two-step adhesive systems, this new type of adhesive primer's components are similar to those of universal adhesives, containing 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) as functional monomers, in addition to a dimethacrylate monomer, filler, and photoinitiator.…”