Effect of aeration rate, C/N ratio and moisture content on the stability and maturity of compost

Guo, R.T.; Li, Guoxue; Jiang, Tao; Schuchardt, Frank; Chen, Tongbin; Zhao, Yaru; Shen, Yujun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.099

Cited by 579 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Microorganisms can incorporate C and N in respect to their own C/N structural ratio, even if 2/3 of the C of organic remains is lost to the atmosphere. If the C/N ratio of organic remains is > 30, the process of bio-transformation slows down and is arrested by lack of N. However, the process can be restarted by adding available N for microorganisms, often in the form of ammonium sulphate (compost activator), even if unexpected reactions can occur, which are still under investigation (Fog, 1988;Pérez-Piqueres et al, 2006;Ros et al, 2006;McDowell and ClarkMcDowell, 2008;Guo et al, 2012;Darby et al, 2016;Paul, 2016);…”

Section: Manure Humus Systems: Techno Humus Systems With Soil Createdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humusica 2, article 16: Techno humus systems and recycling of waste

Zanella

Ponge

Guercini

et al. 2018

Applied Soil Ecology

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Techno humus systems correspond to man-made topsoils under prominent man influence. They may be purposely\ud conceived for supporting agricultural activities or dumping of waste products, sometimes abandoned to\ud an unknown evolution. Both categories needed a more scientific frame. This is the reason we classified them as\ud morpho-functional humus systems. Improving agricultural soils with organic waste products is an ancestral\ud practice. We present four examples of techno humus systems purposely created for supporting plant growth.\ud Considering a simple home-made composting pile, we give a few basic notions about the biological functioning\ud of these artificial humus systems. Humipedon functioning and structuration are similar to those observed in\ud natural humus systems. Using even animal manure, we illustrate how to manage larger compost piles of waste\ud for application in farming areas. Composting waste that contains animal proteins needs a more careful measurement\ud of the temperature of the pile and a longer period of elevated temperature in the core of the pile.\ud Mulching of pruning residues is presented in a large urban context. The use of mulch must take into account\ud quality and composition of woody material. The lack of nutrients in some residues has to be compensated by a\ud moderate use of appropriate mineral fertilizers. Municipal solid waste, anaerobic digestion residues (grape remains)\ud and spent mushroom compost, eventually mixed with mineral fertilizers, have been tested in horticulture.\ud Benefits and drawbacks are listed for each experiment, with the evolution of carbon storage along 8\ud years of horticultural practice. Finally, we present an example of “dump” humus system. Mine tailing wastes\ud represent a huge problem in many countries. Pointing on their microbial activity, we show that they must be\ud seen as manageable living humipedons, not as piles of inert rocky material

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Section: Manure Humus Systems: Techno Humus Systems With Soil Createdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humusica 2, article 16: Techno humus systems and recycling of waste

Zanella

Ponge

Guercini

et al. 2018

Applied Soil Ecology

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“…Over-application of manure results in plants not being able to utilize the contained nutrients thereby exacerbating pollution as excessive nitrates and phosphorus leach into the ground water (Guo et al, 2012). Stability and maturity of manure or compost are often referred to as the compost quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stability typically refers to microbial activity and can be defined by the respiration index or the conversion of various chemical species in compost to organic matter. Temperature, age and C: N ratios are important indicators of stability (Gao et al, 2010 andGuo et al, 2012). Maturity refers to the extent of degradation of phytotoxic organic substances and is generally measured by the germination index or plant bioassays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of different raw materials and the chosen composting method yields products with a wide range of characteristics, in terms of organic matter (OM) content, nutrient content, potential for disease suppresiveness and other physical, chemical, and biological properties (Guo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of compost's use as a constituent in container media is steadily growing mainly as a result of the increase in the use of container raised plants. Guo et al, (2012) gave three main reasons for increased use of composts is horticulture: 1) Various composts act just as well as peat moss in container media, but their cost is considerably lower. 2) Mature composts may suppress many soil borne diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability and Maturity of Different Poultry Manures and Potential Utilization for Horticultural Production

Mataa¹,

Manzi²,

Munyinda³

2018

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This study evaluated stability, maturity and the efficacy of different poultry litter for possible use in container plant production. Three types of poultry manure-Battery cage (BC), Deep litter (DL) and Free range (FR) were used, with Kraal manure (KM) as a comparison. The experiment was set up as a Split-split design with 6 replications. Composting period was main plot, poultry manure type the split plot and mixing ratio as the splitsplit plot. The litter was mixed with garden soil in 2 ratios (3:1 and 1:1 soil: manure ratio) and tested for up to 12 weeks. Rape (Brassica napus) was used as a bioassay for maturity, which was determined at 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The pH declined slightly from 7 to about 6 for all treatments except for the kraal manure. Respiration trends were similar to electrical conductivity. Within 2 weeks of curing the respiration rate for all manures declined to below 4 mg CO 2 -C/ kg. At the end of 12 weeks curing Battery cage had highest total nitrogen (2.32 %), followed by Free range (1.25 %), Deep litter (0.73 %) and Kraal manure was lowest at 0.35 %). Maturity (rape survival) increased with compositing time. After 3 months of curing Kraal manure had highest survivability of rape. The DL at 1:1 ratio had the lowest survival of 67%. At 12 weeks except for BC at 3:1 all treatments had 100 % survival. The results showed that nitrogen rich manures (DL and BC) needed longer curing in order for them to reach maturity.

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