Effect of alkali metal oxides on the properties of titanium containing glass enamels

Abstract

The effect of the ratio of three alkali oxides on the physical and chemical properties of titanium-containing enamels has been investigated and their optimal concentrations have been determined. Acid resistant enamel for steel utensils has been developed.Titanium-containing glass enamels have an important place in the enameling industry and are widely used for enameling steel utensil and sanitary ware. The quality requirements for enameled utensils are becoming increasingly more stringent with respect to both the eutectic properties and corrosion resistance. Specifically, the requirements for the migration of harmful components from coatings into food solutions are becoming more and more stringent. The problem of increasing the chemical resistance of white utensil enamels is becoming more complicated because of the limited choice of the initial components for synthesizing glass frit.The objective of our investigations is to increase the chemical resistance of titanium enamels by introducing small quantities of lithium oxides and optimizing the ratio of the alkali oxides in them. Lithium oxide is known to increase the acid-resistance of glass substantially, and it is present in virtually all enamels used for chemical apparatus [1]. In this connection, the properties of glasses with different ratios of the alkali oxides (Na 2 O, K 2 O, Li 2 O) and constant content of all other components (SiO O 5 , F) were studied (the B 2 O 3 content was 10%). 2 The total content of the alkali oxides in the glasses studied was 16%. The Li 2 O content was varied in the range 0 -6%, Na 2 O in the range 6 -16%, and K 2 O in the range 0 -8% (Fig. 1).The present work is a continuation of the investigations of titanium-containing alkali glasses for white glass-enamel coatings [2, 3].Chemically pure reagents and OVS-015 quartz sand from the Novoselkovskoe deposit were used to synthesize the experimental glasses. The glasses were made in porcelain crucibles in an electric furnace with Silit heaters at temperature 1350°C with 30 min soaking.The glasses were completely made under the chosen conditions and were of good quality. Opalescence was observed in glasses containing 6% Li 2 O cast in the form of a small cake.For the titanium-containing glasses synthesized, where the ratio of the alkali metal oxides was varied, the CLTE, the softening onset temperature, the flowability, the acid-resis-

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