Effect of Anthropogenic Landscape Features on Population Genetic Differentiation of Przewalski's Gazelle: Main Role of Human Settlement

Yang, Ji Hyun; Jiang, Zhigang; Zeng, Yan; Turghan, Mardan Aghabey; Fang, Han; Li, Chunwang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020144

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The remained populations of the Przewalskii gazelle in Qinghai Lake region are much closer to P. p. diversicornis; they do show minor variation in horn shape other skull structures, and the distribution patterns of the local populations are largely in accordance with the observed pattern of genetic differentiation [30]. The exception is the Wayu population, which is fully distinct (100%) from all other populations of the species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The species is still threatened, however, because both the human population and domestic livestock are increasing and the habitat are further fragmented around Qinghai Lake. Furthermore, the gene flows in the isolated populations of Przewalski's gazelle are very limited [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, individuals of Wayu population are much smaller (skull lengths do not overlap) than P. p. diversicornis; thus, unexpectedly, it meets the standard of subspecific differentiation. Two scenarios are possible to explain the existence of this distinctive population: (1) this distinctive taxon has always been present, previously undetected, in the Wayu area; or (2) for some reason it has only recently differentiated as a result of its increasing isolation from other populationsanthropogenic landscapes certainly do influence various evolutionary processes, such as gene flow and population structure [30]. Again, we need molecular data to approach this problem, and we will discuss this further in a future publication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subspecies in Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii and its conservation implication

et al. 2013

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Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii is an endangered species endemic to China. A question remains about subspecific variation in this species. Skulls of Przewalski's gazelle collected from its current remnant ranges around the Qinghai Lake in combination with those collected prior to the 20th century were measured and analyzed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis in order to clarify the question. Unexpectedly, P. p. diversicornis, extirpated from its historic range, has spread to the Qinghai Lake region where it has replaced nominotypical P. p. przewalskii and is now restricted to a few small isolated populations around the lake. We discuss the causes of this unexpected replacement. In this study, we discuss the possibility of a new form, possibly a new subspecies, in the Guide Basin, adjacent to Qinghai Lake; it is unclear whether the new form has long existed and was only discovered in recent years, or whether it evolved in recent times due to the geographical isolation and anthropogenic landscape features. The study sheds light on the processes of microevolution and subspeciation in Procapra przewalskii, and based on the findings, we propose measures for conservation strategies for Przewalski's gazelle.Przewalski's gazelle, Procapra przewalskii, the Qinghai Lake, skull, Procapra przewalskii wayu, evolutionarily significant units

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subspecies in Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii and its conservation implication

et al. 2013

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“…We never found individuals that moved from Hudong-Ketu to Yuanzhe area during our field tracking surveys and our results show that habitat area of the local populations were clearly reduced after the grassland was fenced in the early 1990s (Figure 3). Recent reports on the genetic structure of the Przewalski's gazelle also indicated the anthropogenic landscape had deeper impacts on the population structure than lake and mountains [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of grassland fence on the behavior and habitat area of the critically endangered Przewalski’s gazelle around the Qinghai Lake

You

Jiang

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The trend of fencing grassland as livestock paddocks is spreading on the Eurasian steppe, however, its impacts on grassland wildlife are little known. In order to explore such impacts, we carried out a field study on how grassland fencing impacts Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), a species listed as EN (Endangered) by SSC/IUCN, on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results revealed that (1) in the fenced areas, daily movement distance of Przewalski's gazelle was 5081±1187 m (Hudong-Ketu) and 4110±912 m (Yuanzhe), which was much shorter than the 7223±546 m recorded in an unfenced area (Kuaierma); (2) the feeding bout duration of Przewalski's gazelle was much shorter in the fenced habitat; (3) the frequency of walking along both high or low fence lines reached about 81%; while the frequency of jumping across the low fence line was only about 1.2% and frequency of crawling through the bottom of the high fence lines was about 17.8%; (4) the size of post-fencing habitat decreased to about 20% and 6% of the sizes of pre-fencing habitat in Hudong-Ketu and Yuanzhe areas respectively, but no clear change in the size of habitat area was found in the unfenced Kuaierma area; and (5) the fence lines impaired the possibility of gazelles to escape from predators and occasionally trapped the Przewalski's gazelle which failed to jump over the fence lines. Death occurrence of Przewalski's gazelle in the intensively fenced area, including gazelles strangled by fence lines and predated by wolves, reached 5% of the population size in Yuanzhe and up to 15%-20% in Hudong-Ketu. This study highlights the negative impacts of grassland fencing on Przewalski's gazelle and proposes measures for integrating conservation of this gazelle with livestock management practice. Procapra przewalskii, fence line, habitat, livestock, range management Citation:You Z Q, Jiang Z G, Li C W, et al. Impacts of grassland fence on the behavior and habitat area of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle around the Qinghai Lake.

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“…Reh and Seitz (1990), using a sample design that included several sites and enzyme analyses, found that railways contributed to the isolation, and thus the inbreeding, of common frogs (Rana temporaria) in Germany. Yang et al (2011) used landscape analysis and genetics based on microsatellites to identify the factors influencing the differentiation among Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii) populations in China. Prunier et al (2014) used a microsatellite individual-based sampling scheme combined with computer simulations to determine whether HSR in west-central France was old enough to cause genetic discontinuities in the alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris).…”

Section: Indirect Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railways as Barriers for Wildlife: Current Knowledge

Barrientos

Borda‐de‐Água

2017

Railway Ecology

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In this chapter we provide practical suggestions, together with examples, to identify, monitor and mitigate railway barrier effects on wildlife, as this is considered one of the railways' greatest impacts. Railways can be both physical and behavioral barriers to wildlife movement, as well as disturbance to populations living close to them. Also, mortality is recognized as an important contribution to the barrier effect. However, the consequences of habitat loss, and fragmentation due to railways alone remain largely unexplored. Barrier effects have mainly been mitigated with wildlife passes, with the effectiveness of this tool being one of the most-studied topics in Railway Ecology. Methods formerly employed to monitor pass usage, such as track beds or video-surveillance, are now being replaced by molecular ones. Among the latter methods, genetic fingerprinting allows individual-based approaches, opening the door to population-scale studies. In fact, genetic sampling allows for the assessment of functional connectivity, which is closely linked to successful reproduction and population viability, variables not necessarily coupled with crossing rates. There is strong evidence that railway verges offer new habitats for generalist species and for opportunistic individuals, a point that deserves to be experimentally explored in order to find wildlife-friendly policies. Preventing animals from crossing (e.g., by fencing), should be reserved for collision hotspots, as it increases barrier effects. Instead, it has been shown that warning signals or pole barriers effectively reduce collisions without increasing barrier effects. In this respect, we argue that computer simulations are a promising field to investigate potential impact scenarios. Finally, we present a protocol to guide planners and managers when assessing barrier effects, with emphasis on monitoring and mitigation strategies.

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Effect of Anthropogenic Landscape Features on Population Genetic Differentiation of Przewalski's Gazelle: Main Role of Human Settlement

Cited by 30 publications

References 65 publications

Subspecies in Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii and its conservation implication

Subspecies in Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii and its conservation implication

Impacts of grassland fence on the behavior and habitat area of the critically endangered Przewalski’s gazelle around the Qinghai Lake

Railways as Barriers for Wildlife: Current Knowledge

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