2020
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030125
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Effect of Api-Bioxal® and ApiHerb® Treatments against Nosema ceranae Infection in Apis mellifera Investigated by Two qPCR Methods

Abstract: Nosema ceranae is a worldwide distributed midgut parasite of western honey bees, leading to dwindling colonies and their collapse. As a treatment, only fumagillin is available, causing issues like resistance and hampered bee physiology. This study aimed to evaluate ApiHerb® and Api-Bioxal® as treatments against N. ceranae. The efficacy was tested using two qPCR methods based on the 16S rRNA and Hsp70 genes. In addition, these methods were compared for their aptitude for the quantification of the infection. For… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…Concerning the use of natural supplements of plant origin, many commercial products are available on the market that were shown to be active against Nosema spp. and valid alternatives to the use of the antibiotic Fumagillin [ 61 , 62 ]. However, natural extracts are not necessarily safe and may show toxicity when applied as feed additives.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concerning the use of natural supplements of plant origin, many commercial products are available on the market that were shown to be active against Nosema spp. and valid alternatives to the use of the antibiotic Fumagillin [ 61 , 62 ]. However, natural extracts are not necessarily safe and may show toxicity when applied as feed additives.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For each target gene, a total reaction volume of 15 μL was prepared as previously described [ 81 ] using 2x QuantiTect Probe PCR Master Mix (Qiagen), forward and reverse primers (2 μM), forward and reverse probes (500 nM), and 3 μL DNA extract. The real-time PCR assay was performed on a Rotorgene Corbett 6000 (Corbett Research, Sydney, Australia) following the protocols for either gene sequence [ 54 , 68 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, negative effects of fumagillin were described [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ] as well as the risk of residues in bee products [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], which is why researchers have been looking for alternatives that could replace fumagillin [ 50 ]. Among the tested alternatives, some natural-based treatments and dietary supplements showed promising effects [ 28 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Polysaccharide-rich extracts from algae showed potential for Nosema control [ 59 , 60 ], the extract of mushroom mycelia was effective against bee viruses [ 65 ], and Agaricus blazei mushroom extract increased colony strength [ 66 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%