Effect of Application Deviations on Dentin Sealing of a Universal Adhesive: Permeability and Nanoleakage

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that deviations from the recommended protocol of a universal adhesive system, applied to dentin according to the self-etch (SE) and the etch-and-rinse (ER) techniques, has on permeability and nanoleakage. Materials and Methods Permeability: 60 extracted non-carious human third molars (N = 60) were sectioned to obtain 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to three subgroups and treated with a universal adhesive system (Prime&Bond Active Universal) using the SE and ER techniques: (1) following the manufacturer's instructions with 5 seconds drying (MFR DRY 5S), (2) following the MFR DRY 10S, and (3) reduced application time of the adhesive to 5 seconds (APPL 5S). Nanoleakage: 12 additional 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared, treated and divided into six groups. They were immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate and processed according to conventional methods for the analysis of nanoleakage under transmission electron microscopy. Statistical Analysis The results were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni's test. Results Significant differences in permeability reduction were observed among the treatment groups (0.001). The results obtained for APPL 5S were significantly lower than the results obtained for both the MFR DRY 5S (p = 0.003) and MFR DRY 10S (p = 0.001). Conclusions The reduced application time to 5 seconds creates imperfect dentin tubule sealing, which may explain clinical reports of postoperative sensitivity and early degradation of the resin–dentin interface.

Effect of Different Application Modalities on the Bonding Performance of Adhesive Systems to Dentin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…From these, 19 were excluded because there was no access to the full-text manuscript [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], resulting in a final number of 87 publications included for further qualitative assessment (Figure 1). After a full-text review, 9 articles were excluded because the bond strength was not tested [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], leaving 78 publications for qualitative analysis. Of these, 10 studies were excluded from the quantitative analysis: 1 study did not present the data in the form of mean and SD [55], 3 studies did not have other studies for making comparisons [43,56,57], 3 studies did not contain a clearly defined control group [58][59][60], and in 3 articles, complete data could not be extracted [32,61,62].…”

One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Four Desensitizing Agents in the Management of Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized, Prospective, Blinded Clinical Trial

“…Many therapies and material alternatives with different mechanisms of action have been proposed, either for home or office application [9,10]. Some studies report that self-etching adhesive systems decrease the DH for reducing tubular permeability due to producing a hybrid layer acid resistant, resulting in more lasting clinical efficacy [11]. Single-step Self-etching adhesive systems and dentin desensitizing agents may significantly decrease HD immediately and after 30 days of treatment [12,13].…”

Comparison of microtensile bond strength of universal adhesives utilizing various application methods: an in vitro study

“…However, errors or variations in application protocols occur frequently in daily practice. These modified application procedures may affect dentin bonding quality such as poor marginal adaptation and dramatically lower bond strengths (42)(43)(44)(45).…”