Effect of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) on glycogen content and on the activities of selected enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis
Abstract:Heavy metals show a wide range of effect on fishes, out of which arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are among the leading heavy metal toxicants. These heavy metals are known to alter different biochemical parameters, including glycogen level, in different tissues of fishes. Glycogen level in fish serves as the main source of energy; hence, in this study, the acute toxicity test of As and Pb and their effect on the glycogen content and the enzymes involved therein (glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase, hexokinase,… Show more
“…Recently, Tewari et al (2019) reported a decrease in glycogen concentrations in gill, liver, kidney, and muscle at 4, 7, 15, and 30 days’ exposure to CdCl 2 . The exposure of As 2 O 3 and PbCl 2 has also been reported to disturb carbohydrate metabolism in Heteropneustes fossilis ( Tariang et al, 2019 ).…”
The present study investigated the water quality index (WQI) of the Kshipra river at Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India, using native fish
Labeo rohita,
and plant
Eichhornia crassipes
. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, turbidity, and dissolved solids were found to be within the prescribed limits. However, heavy metals concentration exceeded the limit except for Cu and Zn. Their occurrence in river water was as follows: Ni > Fe > Cd > Cr > Mn > Zn > Cu. Among these heavy metals, Cd was found to be highly bioavailable, whereas Zn was the least bioavailable metal. Based on WQI, the water was found to be unfit for drinking, and the high WQI value was due to the presence of Cr and Cd. In fish tissues (muscle, liver, gut, gills, and kidney), the highest and lowest metal pollution index was found in gills (45.03) and kidneys (12.21), respectively. Bioaccumulation of these metals resulted in significant depletion of energy reserves (protein, glucose, and glycogen) and also altered hematological parameters. Moreover, liver function tests showed hepatic damage in the exposed fish. In-plant, both the bioaccumulation and mobility factor exceeded 1 for all these metals. On the other hand, the translocation factor was found to be beyond 1 for Fe, Ni, and Zn. These high values make this plant fit for phytoextraction of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd and phytostabilization of Cr in water. Moreover, consumption of
L. rohita
from the Kshipra River does not pose a non-cancer risk as the target hazard quotient was below 1, but it may pose cancer risk because of the presence of Cr in the range of 1.402 × 10
−3
to 1.599 × 10
−3
.
“…Recently, Tewari et al (2019) reported a decrease in glycogen concentrations in gill, liver, kidney, and muscle at 4, 7, 15, and 30 days’ exposure to CdCl 2 . The exposure of As 2 O 3 and PbCl 2 has also been reported to disturb carbohydrate metabolism in Heteropneustes fossilis ( Tariang et al, 2019 ).…”
The present study investigated the water quality index (WQI) of the Kshipra river at Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India, using native fish
Labeo rohita,
and plant
Eichhornia crassipes
. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, turbidity, and dissolved solids were found to be within the prescribed limits. However, heavy metals concentration exceeded the limit except for Cu and Zn. Their occurrence in river water was as follows: Ni > Fe > Cd > Cr > Mn > Zn > Cu. Among these heavy metals, Cd was found to be highly bioavailable, whereas Zn was the least bioavailable metal. Based on WQI, the water was found to be unfit for drinking, and the high WQI value was due to the presence of Cr and Cd. In fish tissues (muscle, liver, gut, gills, and kidney), the highest and lowest metal pollution index was found in gills (45.03) and kidneys (12.21), respectively. Bioaccumulation of these metals resulted in significant depletion of energy reserves (protein, glucose, and glycogen) and also altered hematological parameters. Moreover, liver function tests showed hepatic damage in the exposed fish. In-plant, both the bioaccumulation and mobility factor exceeded 1 for all these metals. On the other hand, the translocation factor was found to be beyond 1 for Fe, Ni, and Zn. These high values make this plant fit for phytoextraction of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd and phytostabilization of Cr in water. Moreover, consumption of
L. rohita
from the Kshipra River does not pose a non-cancer risk as the target hazard quotient was below 1, but it may pose cancer risk because of the presence of Cr in the range of 1.402 × 10
−3
to 1.599 × 10
−3
.
“…Bhilave et al 28 also found lower levels of glucose, glycogen, and protein under the effect of chronic heavy metals exposure. Lately, in Heteropneustes fossilis the As 2 O 3 and PbCl 2 exposure lead to disturbance in the carbohydrate metabolism 29 . Figure 2 Illustrates the ( a ) blood glucose, ( b ) serum protein, ( c ) glycogen levels in serum and liver of exposed and reference Bagarius sp.…”
Water quality index (WQI) of Narora channel and health of endemic fish Bagarius bagarius and plant Eichhornia crassipes, district Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh, India were studied. Among the physicochemical properties of water, pH, D.O, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cd were above the recommended standards. These factors lead to high WQI (4124.83), indicating poor quality and not suitable for drinking and domestic usage. In fish tissues, the highest metal load was reported in the liver (58.29) and the lowest in the kidney (33.73). Heavy metals also cause a lowering of condition indices. As expected, decreased serum protein (− 63.41%) and liver glycogen (− 79.10%) were recorded in the exposed fish. However, blood glucose (47.22%) and serum glycogen (74.69%) showed elevation. In the plant, roots (21.50) contained the highest, and leaves (16.87) had the lowest heavy metal load. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) > 1, indicates hyperaccumulation of all metals. E. crassipes roots showed the highest translocation factor (TF) > 1 for Ni (1.57) and Zn (1.30). The high mobility factor (MF) reflected the suitability of E. crassipes for phytoextraction of Mn, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Cu. Moreover, Bagarius sp. consumption could not pose any non-cancer risk. Although, lower cancer risk can be expected from Ni and Cr.
“…The dimension in the lipid content during different phases of the ovarian cycle of Mystus (M.) vittatus (Bl. ), a freshwater siluroid might be partly due to its utilization in cell repair and tissue organization with the formation of lipoprotein, which is a salient constituent of the cell membrane and cytoplasmic organelles [26][27][28][29] .…”
Heavy metals get their way into the environment through a wide spectrum of natural and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic (As) has been reported to be present in main too different oxidation states (As 3+ and As 5+ ). Trivalent arsenic (As 3+ ) has been reported to be more toxic than the pentavalent (As 5+ ) one. Mystus (M.) vittatus, a siluroid fish, were exposed to Sublethal concentration (SLC) of As3+ to observe alteration in the glycogen and lipid content during three different phases of the ovarian cycle preparatory, spawning and post-spawning. The increasing order in the glycogen and lipid content was observed during the preparatory and spawning phase. Still, decrease in these biochemical parameters was during post-spawning phase of ovarian cycle in Mystus (M.) vittatus, a freshwater siluroid. Less significant alteration in glycogen and lipid was noticed after 15 days of exposure, but a highly significant decrease was observed after 30 days in SLC of trivalent arsenic as AsCl 3 . The causes for decline in these biochemical parameters have been discussed during the phases of ovarian cycle.
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