Effect of astaxanthin and spirulina levels in black soldier fly larvae meal-based diets on growth performance and skin pigmentation in discus fish, Symphysodon sp.

Tú, Nguyễn Phúc Cẩm; Hà, Nguyễn Ngọc; Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy; Tri, Nguyen Nhu

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738048

“…Previous studies investigated the benefits of rearing animals intended as fish feed on spirulina (Ratti et al, 2023; Tu et al, 2022). Qiu et al, (2019) determined that higher concentrations of microalgae in diets for Drosophila significantly decreased egg-to-adult viability, whilst also leading to lower adult body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super food or super toxic? Turmeric and spirulina as culprits for the toxic effects of food dyes inDrosophila

von Hellfeld,

Christie,

Derous

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Prolonged exposure to food dyes, even for those considered safe for consumption, are known to have toxic effects. However, we lack a proper understanding of the underlying compounds that are responsible for the observed toxicity. In this study, we tested the toxic physiological effects of three common commercially available natural food dyes (red, green, blue), and their main ingredients (turmeric and spirulina), onDrosophila melanogasteroviposition, larval development, and larval foraging behaviour. Larval development and egg-to-adult survival was significantly impacted by blue and green dyes. These effects were recapitulated when flies were fed with increasing concentrations of turmeric and spirulina, suggesting that turmeric is a toxic component of the food dye. Red dye, which contains neither turmeric or spirulina, had little impact on fly health and behaviour. Green and blue food dyes decreased egg laying, an effect similar to that observed in increasing concentrations of turmeric and, to a lesser extent, spirulina. When given a choice, larvae preferred to feed as follows: control > red > blue > green diet patches, a pattern inversely correlating with the previously observed toxicity. Our results show that, despite turmeric being often considered a super food, it can have toxic effects that the impact organismal physiology and health.

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“…The price of FM is projected to increase up to 30 per cent by 2030 due to solid demand [ 34 ]. Until now, few studies have been conducted on FM replacement in ornamental fish species [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] and despite its potential relevance, no investigation in oscar. Decreasing FM level to a low level can potentially impair growth and fish health and therefore finding the optimum level is essential to improve the aquaculture sustainability of relative species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Meal Replacement and Early Mild Stress Improve Stress Responsiveness and Survival of Fish after Acute Stress

Zare

¹

,

Kazempour

²

,

Hosseini

³

et al. 2023

Animals

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Stress responsiveness and fish meal (FM) replacement are two of the most important concerns toward achieving sustainable aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to see how early mild stress (netting) and FM replacement with meat and bone meal (MBM) affected oscar (Astronotus ocellatus; 5.2 ± 0.9 g) growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immune responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress responses. Oscars were subjected to a 3 × 3 experimental design (three fish meal replacement levels: 250, 180 and 110 g/kg of FM in diets; three stress periods: 0-, 2- and 3-times early mild stress). After ten weeks of the experiment, FM levels in diets did not affect growth data, but the survival rate after the acute confinement (AC) stress was lower in 11FM treatments (47.7% compared to 67.7%) than others. Fish exposed to the 3Stress schedule had a lower growth (31.03 ± 6.50 g) and survival rate (55.5%) after the AC stress than the 2Stress group (38.92 ± 6.82 g and 70.0%). Lower survival and growth rate in the 3Stress and 11FM groups coincided with the lowest blood performance, total protein, lysozyme, complement C4, complement C3, immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and the highest glucose, cortisol, low-density lipoprotein and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels. Altogether, this study revealed that it is possible to replace FM with MBM up to 28% (180 g/kg of FM) without negative effects on the growth and health of juvenile oscar as dietary 110 g/kg of FM impaired fish health. While fish welfare should be considered, we can conclude that mild stress (2Stress) during the farming period, but without adding excessive alternative protein sources, can improve the stress responsiveness of oscar.

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“…In recent years, the use of BSFL meal in aquafeed has been extensively studied in many farmed fish such as salmon [33], rainbow trout [34], grouper [35], tilapia [36], mirror carp [37], and African catfish [38]. A similar trend was observed in ornamental fishes, including lemon fin barb [39], goldfish [40], zebrafish [41,42], and discus fish [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of Fish Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Feed Stability, Blood Biochemistry, and Liver and Gut Morphology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

Kari

¹

,

Téllez–Isaías

²

,

Hamid

³

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

13

0

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Insects such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are gaining interest among researchers and the aquafeed industry due to the fluctuating price and supply of fish meal (FM). This study evaluated the growth performance, feed stability, blood biochemistry, and liver and gut morphology of Betta splendens using BSFL as an alternative to FM. Five formulated diets were prepared: 0% BSFL, 6.5% BSFL, 13% BSFL, 19.5% BSFL, and 24.5% BSFL. The expansion rate, pellet durability index, floatability, bulk density, and water stability of the prepared feed have been assessed. Except for the diameter of the feed, all the parameters studied differed significantly ( p < 0.05 ) across the experimental diets. After 60 days, the fish fed with 13% BSFL had the highest final length, final weight, net weight gain, specific growth rate, weight gain, and gastrointestinal weight, with mean and standard deviation values of 3.97 ± 0.43 cm, 3.95 ± 0.1 g, 2.78 ± 0.1 g, 4.63 ± 0.17 , 4.65 ± 0.13 , 237.26 ± 7.9 % , and 0.04 ± 0.01 mg, respectively. Similar blood haematology and biochemical properties, including corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase, were the highest ( p < 0.05 ) in the 13% BSFL diet group compared to the other treatment groups. In addition, BSFL had a significant impact ( p < 0.05 ) on villus length, width, and crypt depth for the anterior and posterior guts of B. splendens. The 13% BSFL diet group had an intact epithelial barrier in the goblet cell arrangement and a well-organized villus structure and tunica muscularis, compared to the other treatment groups. Furthermore, the liver cell was altered with different BSFL inclusions; the 13% FM group demonstrated better nuclei and cytoplasm structure than the other treatment groups. In conclusion, replacing 13% FM with BSFL could improve the growth performance, blood parameters, and liver and intestine morphology of B. splendens, thus providing a promising alternative diet for ornamental freshwater fish.

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Effect of astaxanthin and spirulina levels in black soldier fly larvae meal-based diets on growth performance and skin pigmentation in discus fish, Symphysodon sp.

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Super food or super toxic? Turmeric and spirulina as culprits for the toxic effects of food dyes inDrosophila

Super food or super toxic? Turmeric and spirulina as culprits for the toxic effects of food dyes inDrosophila

Fish Meal Replacement and Early Mild Stress Improve Stress Responsiveness and Survival of Fish after Acute Stress

Effect of Fish Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Feed Stability, Blood Biochemistry, and Liver and Gut Morphology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

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