Effect of blending encapsulated essential oils and organic acids as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers with necrotic enteritis

Abstract

The effects of a blend of encapsulated organic acids with essential oils ( EOA ) as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter ( AGP ) on growth performance and gut health of Eimeria spp./ Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in chickens infected with necrotic enteritis ( NE ) broilers was investigated. A total of 432 male Arbor Acres broilers (1-day-old) were randomly distributed into 6 treatment groups, namely noninfected negative control (A); NE-infected positive control (D); NE-infected broiler chickens fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate ( BMD ) plus 90 mg/kg monensin; and NE-infected broiler chicken fed 200; 500; and 800 mg/kg EOA (E, F, G, and H group). Feeding EOA at 200 and 500 mg/kg considerably improved the feed conversion ratio, reduced gut lesions, serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran level, and C. perfringens load in the caecum and liver of the NE-infected broiler chickens. This feed was similar to AGP. Furthermore, the increased villous height-to-crypt depth ratio and goblet cells counts, upregulated claudin-1, glucagon-like peptide-2 ( GLP-2 ), insulin-like growth factor-2 ( IGF-2 ) mRNA gene expression, downregulated occludin, zonula occludens-1 ( ZO-1 ), toll-like receptor ( TLR-4 ), interleukin ( IL-1β ), interferon γ ( IFN-γ ), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 ( TRAF-6 ), tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 ( TNFSF15 ), and Toll-interacting protein ( Tollip ) genes expression in the jejunum were observed in the NE-infected broiler chickens that received EOA at 200 and 500 mg/kg compared with those of the single NE-challenged groups without EOA supplementations ( P < 0.05). The 16S analysis revealed that EOA supplemented with 200 or 500 mg/kg enriched relative abundance of Lactobacillus, unclassified_ Lachnospiraceae , and Enterococcus, and carbohydrate metabolic pathways but suppressed unclassified _Erysipelotrichacease and organismal systems involved in the immune system ( P < 0.05). Feeding EOA could alleviate NE-induced gut impairment and growth depression and modulate cecal microbiota composition, which has potential as antimicrobial alternatives.

Bee Bread as a Promising Source of Bioactive Molecules and Functional Properties: An Up-To-Date Review

“…In addition to phenolic compounds, organic acids (aromatic and aliphatic) have been reported to possess bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects [ 101 ]. Organics acids can permeate facilely through the bacterial membrane; once inside the cells, they release protons (H + ), decreasing intracellular pH, attacking macromolecules, and destabilizing bacterial walls [ 102 ].…”

Effect of Supplementing Ground Leaf of Misai (Orthosiphon stamineus) in Diet on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

“…Increasing the presence of pathogenic bacteria in broiler guts may result in poor growth and a high feed conversion ratio. While the dietary treatment with OS in the present study did not affect the population of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli, the inclusion, however, suppressed the population of the facultative anaerobes that might include pathogenic species such as Salmonella enterica (Pham et al 2022), and this was comparable with tetracycline. The significant effect of OS on total facultative anaerobes might be collective and not selective by reducing the number of intestinal microbial communities rather than the number of specific individuals and characteristics of bacteria.…”

Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: disease characteristics and prevention using organic antibiotic alternatives – a comprehensive review

“…Reduces intestinal C. perfringens counts, liver C. perfringens carriage, gut lesion scores and serum fluoresce in isothiocyanate dextran. Pham et al, 2021 Yarrow ( Achillea millefolium var. alba ) 10 g/kg No experimental infection.…”