Effect of Breastfeeding on Head Circumference of Children from Impoverished Communities

Ferreira, Haroldo da Silva; Júnior, Antonio Fernando Silva Xavier; Assunção, Monica Lopes de; Santos, Ewerton Amorim dos; Horta, Bernardo Lessa

doi:10.1089/bfm.2012.0105

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Weight-for-length (WLZ) and length-for-age (LAZ) Z scores are equally important beyond the first year of life; stunting in early childhood has been shown to predict future risk of morbidity and mortality (32, 56) although is unlikely in the first 90 days post-partum. Similarly, head-circumference-for-age Z score (HAZ) is thought to be a good indicator of more chronic poor growth and undernutrition (57–59). Other potential growth outcomes to be measured include body composition factors (e.g., lean and fat mass, skinfold thickness), currently being explored particularly in BM hormone and obesity studies (11, 13, 41, 60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk Cytokines and Early Growth in Gambian Infants

et al. 2019

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Background: Breast milk provides nutrition for infants but also delivers other bioactive factors that have key protective and developmental benefits. In particular, cytokines are thought to play a role in immunomodulation, although little is known about their impact on health outcomes in early life.Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between cytokines in breast milk and infant growth outcomes in a low-income setting.Methods: 100 mother-infant pairs were followed up to 2–3 months postpartum as part of a prospective longitudinal cohort study in urban Gambia, West Africa. The concentrations of 9 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNFα), IGF-1 and TGFβ2 were measured in colostrum within 12 h of birth and in breast milk at the final visit, scheduled between day 60 and 89 postpartum. Infant weight was recorded and converted to weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) at the same time points. Growth outcomes were defined in our study as (a) change in WAZ between birth and final visit (b) WAZ at final visit. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the ability of colostrum and breast milk cytokine concentrations to predict growth outcomes up to 2–3 months postpartum.Results: Gambian infants demonstrated growth faltering across the first 2–3 months postpartum. There was no significant relationship between cytokines in colostrum and subsequent change in WAZ between birth and the final visit, in either unadjusted or adjusted models. However, cytokines in mature breast milk, TNFα, IFNγ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, and IL6, were weak negative predictors of WAZ scores at the final visit, in unadjusted models (p < 0.05). When adjusted for maternal anemia (as a proxy for maternal nutrition), TNFα and IL6 remained significant predictors (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Variations in breast milk cytokine levels do not play a substantial role in the growth faltering observed across early infancy. The potential contribution of other factors, such as micronutrients, hormones or human milk oligosaccharides, must be elucidated. Cytokine levels in mature breast milk were weakly predictive of poor infant growth, possibly reflecting a “read-out” of suboptimal maternal health and nutrition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk Cytokines and Early Growth in Gambian Infants

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, the duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding appear to be positively correlated with IQ and academic achievement (7,9). Clinical studies have revealed that breastfeeding is associated with larger head circumference and brain volume, smaller ventricular volume, larger gangliothalamic ovoid diameters and cortical thickness (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex-specific association between infant diet and white matter integrity in 8-y-old children

Andres

Cleves

et al. 2014

Pediatr Res

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Background:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding, which is well known to promote cognitive and behavioral development. The evidence for why this occurs is not well understood. Methods: Fifty-six 7.5-to 8.5-y-old healthy children were breastfed (BF; n = 22, 10 males) or formula-fed (FF; n = 34, 16 males) as infants. All children were administered: the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale (RIAS); the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-4) tests; and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measured fractional anisotropy (FA) values were correlated with RIAS and CELF-4 scores. results: DTI tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses showed multiple white matter regions in the left hemisphere with significantly higher FA (P < 0.05, corrected) values in BF than FF males, but no significant group differences in females. Males who were exclusively BF for at least 1 y appeared to have the greatest differences in FA. Mean FA values positively correlated with composite scores of RIAS (P = 0.03) and CELF-4 (P = 0.02). conclusion: Breastfeeding during infancy was associated with better white matter development at 8 y of age in boys. A similar association was not observed in girls.

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“…Assim, as ações de promoção dessa prática devem ser implementadas, pois o aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de vida está associado às boas condições gerais de saúde e nutrição das crianças. 8 Outra importante conquista observada na comunidade foi a redução em 51,9% na prevalência de anemia entre as crianças. A prevalência alcançada em 2012 (20,0%) situou-se bem abaixo daquela encontrada para as crianças investigadas por ocasião do Inquérito Quilombola de Alagoas (52,7%), 6 bem como das crianças do Estado de Alagoas como um todo (45,0%).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Detalhes sobre o estudo foram descritos em publicações anteriores. [6][7][8] As informações socioeconômicas, demográficas, antropométricas e relativas à saúde foram coletadas por meio de visitas domiciliares e utilizando questionário pré-testado em estudo piloto. No presente estudo, eram elegíveis as mulheres de 18 a 59,9 anos, designadas como "donas de casa" e todas as crianças menores de cinco anos.…”

Section: Métodosunclassified

Comunidade quilombola na Região Nordeste do Brasil: saúde de mulheres e crianças antes e após sua certificação

Ferreira

Torres

2015

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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Objectives: to characterize the health status of women and children in a quilombola community in the Northeast region of Brazil before and after certification.Methods: the data are taken from two investigations using similar methodologies carried out in 2008 and 2009, among women and children residing in the community. The socio-economic and health characteristics of these populations in the two periods were compared by calculating the Prevalence Ratio (PR), using Poisson regression.Results: the studies covered 143 women and 194 children in 2008 and 172 women and 67 children in 2012. The prevalence of overweight (59.1% vs. 62.8%) and waist circumference ≥80cm (59.5% vs. 57.4%) were similar in the two periods (p>0.05). The characteristics that exhibited significant changes (p<0.05) were: per capita family income >2 US dollars/day (23.2% vs. 67.4%; PR=2.90;, prevalence of diarrhea in children (10.3% vs. 26.9%; PR=2.61; PR=1.18;, frequency of receipt of vitamin A supplements (70.3% vs. 100.0%; PR=1.42; CI95%: 1.29-1.56), duration of exclusive breastfeeding ≥6 months (8.7% vs. 44.6%; PR=5.13;) and prevalence of anemia among children (41.6% vs. 20.0%; PR=0.48;.Conclusions: there have been improvements in the health status of the population, but investment still needs to be made to ensure that health standards in the community continue to rise. ResumoObjetivos: caracterizar a situação de saúde de mulheres e crianças em uma comunidade quilombola no Nordeste do Brasil, antes e após sua certificação.Métodos: os dados procedem de dois inquéritos com metodologias similares, realizados em 2008 e 2009, no universo de mulheres e crianças residentes. As características socioeconômicas e de saúde das populações nos dois períodos foram comparadas pelo cálculo da Razão de Prevalência (RP), utilizando regressão de Poisson.Resultados: foram estudadas 143 mulheres e 194 crianças e 172 mulheres e 67 crianças nos anos de 2008 e 2012, respectivamente. As prevalências de excesso de peso (59,1% vs. 62,8%) e circunferência da cintura ≥80cm (59,5% vs. 57,4%) foram semelhantes entre os períodos (p>0,05). As características que apresentaram mudanças significantes (p<0,05) foram: renda familiar per capita >2 . Conclusões: ocorreram melhorias na situação de saúde, todavia ainda são necessários investimentos visando o incremento do padrão de saúde na comunidade. Palavras-chave Grupo com ancestrais do continente Africano, Origem étnica e Saúde, Vulnerabilidade em saúde, Brasil http://dx.

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Effect of Breastfeeding on Head Circumference of Children from Impoverished Communities

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Breast Milk Cytokines and Early Growth in Gambian Infants

Breast Milk Cytokines and Early Growth in Gambian Infants

Sex-specific association between infant diet and white matter integrity in 8-y-old children

Comunidade quilombola na Região Nordeste do Brasil: saúde de mulheres e crianças antes e após sua certificação

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