Effect of burning and high temperature on survival of <i>Xanthomonas translucens</i> pv. <i>pistaciae</i> in infected pistachio branches and twigs

Thanh, Tu Anh Vu; Sosnowski, Mark; Giblot‐Ducray, D.; Taylor, C.; Scott, Eileen S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02596.x

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For example, Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae was observed to survive in wood exposed to 40-55 • C for at least 60 min but killed when exposed to 60 • C for at least 15 min (Vu Thanh et al, 2012). The results of this study suggest that the current advise to heat farm tools above fire for about 20-40 s (PROMUSA, 2020) may be leading to partial survival of Xvm and a continued disease spread through tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana

Ocimati¹,

Tazuba²,

Blomme

2021

Front. Agron.

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The adoption of tool sterilization using either 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) or fire, a core element of the cultural control packages for Xanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana has been poorly adopted hampering XW control in East and Central Africa. Household bleach is costly and not accessible to the rural poor while repeated heating weakens metal blades of garden tools (machetes, knives, and hoes). Identification of economically viable tool sterilization options is thus crucial for XW management. We explored a range of practices including tool insertion for varying time periods into cold and hot ash, fire and boiling water; tool exposure over varying time periods to the sun while under black or transparent plastic sheets; and washing tools with cold water and laundry soap or detergent. Cleaning with household bleach served as a negative control while uncleaned tools as positive control. Like for household bleach, no Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) the causal agent of XW was recovered from tools washed with cold water and different laundry soaps or detergents. Culturing Xvm in varying detergent and soap concentrations (0.00125–0.035 g/mL), only resulted in growth at lower concentrations of 0.00125 and 0.0025 g/mL. The cleaning effect of soap could thus be due to both an anti-bacterial effect and dislodgment of bacteria from tools. Laundry soaps/detergents are cheaper than household bleach and used for various purposes within and across households, including the resource poor and rural households, hence a cheaper and convenient tool sterilization alternative. Tool insertion into boiling water was effective from the 40th second and thus a viable alternative. Heating tools in fire required up to a minute to clear all bacteria. The currently recommended 20–40 s heating could thus be inadequate. Repeated heating for 1 min may also damage tools. Other practices (washing with cold water only, use of solar radiation, repeatedly and forcefully inserting tools into the soil, tool insertion into hot and cold ash for up to 5 min) only reduced Xvm populations on tools, thus not independently recommended. We recommend expanding the tool sterilization options to include washing with soap/ detergents and tool insertion into boiling water for at least 1 min.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Dry heat from fire kills microbes through dehydration, altering membranes, denaturing proteins, and incineration (Jay et al, 2005;Talaro, 2008). However, the temperature and duration of exposure are important determinants of success (Talaro, 2008;Vu Thanh et al, 2012). For example, Xanthomonas translucens pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana

Ocimati¹,

Tazuba²,

Blomme

2021

Front. Agron.

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“…However, the results also clearly showed that the pathogen was not eliminated from debris that penetrated the soil beneath the burn pile. In a closely related study, Vu Thanh et al. (2012) reported similar efficacy for eradicating the bacterial disease pistachio dieback ( Xanthomonas translucens pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Eradication of black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) from grapevines by drastic pruning

et al. 2012

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A drastic pruning strategy was developed to eradicate the fungal disease black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), which is exotic in Australia, from grapevines, while minimizing the economic cost of returning an affected vineyard to its previous quality and production levels. The protocol involved cutting off vines at the top of the trunk, removing debris from the ground beneath and between vines, mulching the vineyard floor, removing low watershoots during vine regrowth and applying a targeted fungicide programme. The protocol was initially evaluated and consequently modified in Australia using an endemic grapevine disease, black spot or anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), as an analogous model system. Then, it was validated in a black-rot-infested vineyard in New York, USA. Following two seasons of disease-conducive weather conditions, no black rot was detected on treated vines, whereas leaf and fruit infections developed on the untreated control vines. These results confirmed the efficacy of the protocol for eradicating black rot from vineyards while allowing vines to return quickly to previous yield and quality levels without replanting. The protocol may have applicability to disease eradication protocols for other perennial crops as well. Evidence is also presented on the efficacy and potential pitfalls of burning infected grapevine material to eradicate E. ampelina.

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“…50°C (30 min) for E. amylovora (Keck et al., 1995 ), 60°C (15 min) for Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae (Vu Thanh et al., 2012 ), 35–40°C for Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi (Mullett & Webber, 2013 ).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Systems Approach Proposed By The Applicantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to deliver a risk assessment on the likelihood of pest freedom from Union quarantine pests and pests subject to measures adopted pursuant to Article 30 of Regulation (EU) No 2016/2031 for the maple veneer sheets manufactured according to the process set out by Canada, with emphasis on the freedom from Davidsoniella virescens and Phytophthora ramorum (non‐EU isolates). The assessment was conducted for veneer sheets of up to 0.7 mm and up to 6 mm thickness, taking into account the different phases in the veneer production in a systems approach. Some of those phases, taken alone, including the heat treatment of logs in a water bath, the cutting into thin veneer sheets and the final high heat drying of veneer sheets are expected to be effective against some of the pests, without uncertainties, making the system approach fully effective. The panel considers that no insects would survive cutting of logs into thin veneer sheets of 0.7 mm and that Xylella fastidiosa will not survive the temperatures in the water bath and final drying of veneers. The degree of pest freedom for the different groups of organisms is generally very high with slightly lower degree of pest freedom for veneer sheets of 6 mm thickness because of lower temperatures reached in the final drying of veneer sheets compared to thinner sheets. P. ramorum is not expected to survive the high heat drying of thin veneer sheets, but it may survive the lower temperatures inside thicker veneer sheets. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE) indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9989 and 10,000 veneer sheets (thickness 6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living P. ramorum. For D. virescens, the EKE indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9984 and 10,000 veneer sheets (0.7 mm) per 10,000 and that between 9954 and 10,000 veneer sheets (6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living inoculum. For other relevant groups of pests, the greatest likelihood of pest presence was observed for wood decay fungi. The EKE indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9967 and 10,000 veneer sheets (0.7 mm) per 10,000 and that between 9911 and 10,000 veneer sheets (6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living wood decay fungi.

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Effect of burning and high temperature on survival of Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae in infected pistachio branches and twigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana

Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana

Eradication of black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) from grapevines by drastic pruning

Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada

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