Effect of cellular changes and onset of humoral immunity on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs

Labarque, Geoffrey; Nauwynck, Hans; Reeth, Kristien Van; Pensaert, Maurice

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-81-5-1327

Cited by 177 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The right lung was lavaged using a previously described method [16]. The BAL fluid was centrifuged (400 ´ g, 10 min, 4°C) to separate cells and cell-free lavage fluid.…”

Section: Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total number of BAL cells and their differentiation were determined and the results were published earlier [16]. Cytocentrifuge preparations of BAL cells were made by centrifuging at 140 ´ g for 5 min.…”

Section: Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRRSV-infected cells in the lung tissue and BAL cells were quantified using a streptavidin-biotin immunofluorescence technique [16]. In the lung tissue, a distinction was made between single infected cells and viral antigen-positive foci.…”

Section: Virological Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, it is characterised by changes in the population of broncho-alveolar monocytes/macrophages, consisting of a reduction of the population of well-differentiated macrophages and an influx of new monocytes [16]. Since apoptosis is an important mechanism of the cell population control in normal tissue homeostasis, it may be involved in the regulation of the number of monocytes/macrophages during this massive influx of new monocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since apoptosis is an important mechanism of the cell population control in normal tissue homeostasis, it may be involved in the regulation of the number of monocytes/macrophages during this massive influx of new monocytes. Secondly, PRRSV causes only minimal lung inflammation [21] and neutrophil infiltration [16,31], which also may be attributed to the involvement of apoptotic processes, since apoptotic bodies are phagocytised by resident macrophages without provoking an inflammatory response. Viral glycoprotein GP5 has been shown to be involved in apoptosis of the PRRSVinfected cell [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apoptosis in the lungs of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and associations with the production of apoptogenic cytokines

et al. 2003

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-Apoptosis was studied in the lungs of pigs during an infection with a European strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and it was examined if cytokines were involved in the induction of apoptosis. Twenty-two 4-to 5-week-old gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated intranasally with 10 6.0 TCID 50 of the Lelystad virus and euthanised between 1 and 52 days post inoculation (PI). The lungs and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cells were assessed both for virus replication and apoptosis; BAL fluids were examined for interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10. Double-labellings were conducted to determine the relation between virus replication and apoptosis and to identify the apoptotic cells. Apoptosis occurred in both infected and non-infected cells. The percentages of infected cells, which were apoptotic, ranged between 9 and 39% in the lungs and between 13 and 30% in the BAL cells. The majority of apoptotic cells were non-infected. Non-infected apoptotic cells in the lungs were predominantly monocytes/macrophages, whereas those in the broncho-alveolar spaces were predominantly lymphocytes. The peak of apoptosis in the lungs at 14 days PI was preceded by a peak of IL-1 and IL-10 production at 9 days PI, suggesting a possible role of these cytokines in the induction of apoptosis in non-infected interstitial monocytes/macrophages. However, the latter hypothesis was not confirmed in vitro, since blood monocytes or alveolar macrophages did not undergo apoptosis after treatment with recombinant porcine IL-1 or IL-10. pig / lung / porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus / apoptosis / cytokine

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“…The right lung was lavaged using a previously described method [16]. The BAL fluid was centrifuged (400 ´ g, 10 min, 4°C) to separate cells and cell-free lavage fluid.…”

Section: Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virological Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apoptosis in the lungs of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and associations with the production of apoptogenic cytokines

et al. 2003

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Passive Transfer of Virus-Specific Antibodies Confers Protection against Reproductive Failure Induced by a Virulent Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Establishes Sterilizing Immunity

et al. 2002

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Immune mechanisms mediating protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are not well understood. The PRRSV-specific humoral immune response has been dismissed as being ineffective and perhaps deleterious for the host. The function of PRRSV antibodies in protective immunity against infection with a highly abortifacient strain of this virus was examined by passive transfer experiments in pregnant swine. All of a group of pregnant gilts (n = 6) that received PRRSV immunoglobulin (Ig) from PRRSV-convalescent, hyperimmune animals were fully protected from reproductive failure as judged by 95% viability of offspring at weaning (15 days of age). On the other hand, the totality of animals in a matched control group (n = 6) receiving anti-pseudorabies virus (PRV) Ig exhibited marked reproductive failure with 4% survival at weaning. Besides protecting the pregnant females from clinical reproductive disease, the passive transfer of PRRSV Ig prevented the challenge virus from infecting the dams and precluded its vertical transmission, as evidenced by the complete absence of infectious PRRSV from the tissues of the dams and lack of infection in their offspring. In summary, these results indicate that PRRSV-Igs are capable of conferring protective immunity against PRRSV and furthermore that these Igs can provide sterilizing immunity in vivo.

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Efficacy of an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine: Induction of Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Partial Virological Protection upon Challenge

Misinzo

Delputte

Meerts

et al. 2006

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Effect of cellular changes and onset of humoral immunity on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs

Cited by 177 publications

References 22 publications

Apoptosis in the lungs of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and associations with the production of apoptogenic cytokines

Apoptosis in the lungs of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and associations with the production of apoptogenic cytokines

Passive Transfer of Virus-Specific Antibodies Confers Protection against Reproductive Failure Induced by a Virulent Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Establishes Sterilizing Immunity

Efficacy of an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine: Induction of Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Partial Virological Protection upon Challenge

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