Effect of cement and cement by-pass dust on the engineering properties of sand

The influence of cement kiln by-pass dust addition on the properties of Portland and slag cement

“…Skład chemiczny pyłu z bocznikowania gazów z pieca cementowych wykazuje różnice w stosunku do składu chemicznego mączki surowcowej, stanowiącej nadawę surowcową pieca do produkcji klinkieru portlandzkiego (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Różnice te dotyczą przede wszystkim zawartości jonów chlorowych, która w pyle zmienia się w granicach od 2 do nawet 20 % masowych (6,7,10).…”

“…W przypadku mączki surowcowej chlor jest składnikiem marginalnym. Kolejna różnica to duża zawartość alkaliów i siarki w pyle z bocznika (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). W skład pyłu z bocznikowania gazów z pieców cementowych wchodzą nieprzereagowane składniki surowca, pył z klinkieru, popiół z paliw zawierających chlorki i siarczany metali alkalicznych i inne związki lotne (4).…”

“…The chemical composition of CKBD differs from the chemical composition of raw materials used in the production of Portland cement clinker (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). This difference concerns mainly the content of chloride ions, which in by-pass dust varies from 2% up to 20% by mass (6,7,10); in the case of raw materials, the chlorides are a marginal component.…”

“…This difference concerns mainly the content of chloride ions, which in by-pass dust varies from 2% up to 20% by mass (6,7,10); in the case of raw materials, the chlorides are a marginal component. The next difference is the higher content of alkalis in by-pass dust: K 2 O and Na 2 O, and sulphur in by--pass dust (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). CKBD consists of entrained particles of cement clinker, unreacted and partially calcined raw materials ,and fuel ash enriched with alkali metal chlorides and sulphates as well as other volatile compounds (4).…”

Improvement of Pavement Subgrade by Adding Cement and Fly Ash to Natural Desert Sand

“…It also reduces construction cost by utilizing local materials [20,21]. Furthermore, the use of cement to improve the engineering properties of soils has already been adopted [22][23][24][25], and this is mainly due to the hardening of cement in the presence of moisture and during the curing period [26]. Previous study on the effect of demolition waste on the compaction properties and unconfined compressive strength of weak soil [27] showed that the addition of waste particles decreases the optimum water content and increases the dry unit weight of clay, while the unconfined compressive strength increased quite significantly with the addition of concrete particles.…”