Effect of cement type on the color attributes of a zirconia ceramic

Abstract

PURPOSEThis in vitro study evaluated the effects of four different cements on the color attributes of a zirconia ceramic.MATERIALS AND METHODS40 zirconia ceramic disk specimens (0.5 mm thickness, 10 mm diameter, 0.1 mm cement space) were fabricated by a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing system. The specimens were divided into 4 groups of 10 specimens and cemented to composite substrates using four different cements including: Glass Ionomer, Panavia F2.0, Zinc Phosphate, and TempBond. The L*, a*, and b* color attributes of the specimens were measured before and after cementation by a spectrophotometer. Additionally, ΔE values were measured to determine color changes for the groups and then compared with the perceptional threshold of ΔE = 3.3. Repeated Measures ANOVA, Tukey Post Hoc, Bonferroni, One-way ANOVA, and One-sample t-test tests were used to analyze the data. All tests were carried out at the 0.05 level of significance.RESULTSStatistically significant differences were detected in the ΔE values for Zinc Phosphate (P<.0001) and TempBond (P<.0001) groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences in this respect for Glass Ionomer (P=.99) and Panavia F2.0 (P=1) groups. The means and standard deviations of the ΔE values for Glass Ionomer, Panavia F2.0, Zinc Phosphate, and Tempbond groups were 2.11±0.66, 0.94±0.39, 5.77±0.83, and 7.50±1.16 Unit, respectively.CONCLUSIONWithin the limitations of this study, it was concluded that Zinc Phosphate and Tempbond cements affected the color attributes of the tested zirconia ceramic beyond the perceptional threshold. However, Glass Ionomer and Panavia F2.0 cements created acceptable color changes.

Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature

“…In the cervical region, the color mismatch induced by the dark brown background could be corrected with the bleach cement; however, in the body region, this was not confirmed for the Katana zirconia restoration . Using opaque cements such as zinc phosphate and zinc oxide eugenol produces unacceptable color changes (∆E > 3.3) for zirconia ceramics on tooth‐colored backgrounds . On the contrary, an opaque cement such as zinc polycarboxylate generates a better color match than tooth‐shaded resin cements for zirconia ceramics on titanium backgrounds .…”

Effect of Resin Cement Brand on the Color of Zirconia‐Based Restorations

“…Considering results of previous investigations, a 0.05 level of significance and an 80% power, this study assigned 30 specimens to each cement group. Thus, 90 veneered zirconia disc specimens and 90 background specimens were prepared and allocated to three cement groups of 30.…”

“…The veneered zirconia specimens were cemented to the background specimens with universal resin cements of three brands including RelyX Unicem 2 (RelyX Unicem 2 Self‐Adhesive resin cement/Automix Refill Syringe, Shade A2 Universal; 3M ESPE) (RU), PANAVIA SA Cement Plus (PANAVIA SA Cement Plus Automix, Universal A2; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) (PS), and NX3 Nexus (NX3 Nexus Third Generation/Automix Dual‐cure Syringe, yellow; Kerr Corp. Orange, CA) (NN), as instructed by the manufacturers. A clean glass slab with a 9.8 N compressive force was placed on the specimens for 5 minutes during cementation . Then excess cements were removed.…”

“…Opaque cements such as zinc oxide and zinc phosphate induce color mismatches in zirconia‐based restorations on tooth‐colored backgrounds . On the contrary, an opaque cement such as zinc polycarboxylate creates better esthetics than resin cements for glass ceramic restorations on dark‐colored backgrounds (titanium abutments) .…”

“…On the contrary, an opaque cement such as zinc polycarboxylate creates better esthetics than resin cements for glass ceramic restorations on dark‐colored backgrounds (titanium abutments) . Glass ionomer and tooth‐colored resin cements show optical advantages over opaque cements when used for zirconia‐based restorations on tooth‐colored backgrounds . Resin cements generate perceptible color changes with specific combinations of background, cement shade, and ceramic type .…”