“…25 Periyasamy and Vadivel predicted that a TBC piston (4.8% MgO, 88.6% Y.S.Z., and 8% TiO 2 ) engine produced 10% more BTE while using 9.8% less fuel, as well as reduced CO, HC, and smoke pollutants to acceptable levels. 26 According to Vadivel and Periyasamy investigation report, the BSFC level of neat diesel, AMEB20 fuel, and AMEB20 + CeO 2 50 fuel used in TBC conditions decreased by an average of 2.77%, 7.81%, and 9.37% in all load conditions, respectively, when compared to the base engine. BTE increased by 6.45%, 8.33%, and 13.30% under all load conditions in neat diesel, AMEB20, and 50 ppm cerium oxide nanoparticles mixed with AMEB20 fuel in TBC condition, respectively, while compared to the non-coated piston engine.…”