Effect of chronic supplementation with branched-chain amino acids on the performance and hepatic and muscle glycogen content in trained rats

Araújo, José Anchieta de; Falavigna, Gina; Rogero, Marcelo M.; Pires, Ivanir S.O.; Pedrosa, Rogério Graça; Castro, Inar Alves de; Donato, José; Tirapegui, Júlio

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.045

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Notably, SAA markedly recovered the blood parameters of tissue damage, which was also observed in both resting and exercise-stressed animals. 22,23) Such effects might be due to its tissue-preserving activities via direct antioxidant or indirect energy-preserving effects, in parallel with previous reports that showed the beneficial effects of branched-chain amino acids on CPK, LDH, lactate, 39,40) suggestive of a partial role of branched-chain amino acids included in SAA (3.49% Val, 1.25% Ile and 1.24% Leu). 23) In addition, SAA's antioxidant and energy-preserving activities were confirmed from its strong suppressive effects on lipid peroxidation of gastrocnemius muscles and the recovering action on hepatic and muscular glycogen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Tissue glycogen was well preserved by the branched-chain amino acids, although there were controversial results on the role of glycogen in improving exercise performances. 40,41) In relation to the muscular adaptation to exercise, the effect of SAA on the mitochondrial change which is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g cofactor-1a (PGC-1a) remains to be further studied. 42,43) It is well known that immune systems and adrenal glands are responsive to physical stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silk Amino Acids Improve Physical Stamina and Male Reproductive Function of Mice

Shin

Yeon

Park

et al. 2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Silks are protein polymers that differ in their components and structures according to the insects producing the silk. 1)Silks from silkworm (Bombyx mori) and spiders (Nephila clavipes and Araneus diadematus) are composed of 2 major peptides, sericin and fibroin, 2) which are well known to have pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic effect. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Hydrolysis of silk proteins from silkworms leads to different peptide sizes, which eventually creates peptides that are 18-19 amino acids in length, while enzymatic degradation results in specific sizes or compositions of peptides 10,11) exerting diverse bioactivities 4,12,13) such as anti-diabetic, [5][6][7][8][9] hypocholesterolemic, 10,14,15) anti-oxidant, 16,17) immunoregulatory, 18) anti-tumor, 17,19) anti-viral, 20) anti-bacterial 21) effects. Silk amino acids (SAA) were also shown to decrease blood triglycerides and to preserve hepatic function. 10,14) In our previous studies, we found that repeatedly treating resting rats with a SAA preparation lowered blood levels of tissue injury parameters from the muscles and the liver.22) Also, it increased glucose and albumin levels, and potentiated hematopioesis including lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a high dose (800 mg/kg) of SAA exerted stamina-enhancing activity in forced swimming mice by preventing tissue injuries and increasing anti-fatigue parameters.23) Such effects led us to investigate the effects of a SAA preparation on the physical stamina (energy-boosting) and male reproductive function in a forced swimming model. Forced swimming tests have been used to evaluate the behavioral performances of rodents to predict the efficacy of anti-depressant treatments, [24][25][26] since the animals exhibit immobility behavior considered a depression-like response, as a reflection of helplessness when subjected to an incapable situation.27) Similarly, weight-loaded swimming tests have also been used as a reference for measuring the fatigue level objectively and quantitatively. [28][29][30] Recently, forced swimming tests were adopted not only to assess adjustment of rodents, but also to evaluate male reproductive function under repeated stress situations. [30][31][32][33] The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of SAA, an amino acid preparation from silk (cocoon), on physical stamina and male reproductive function. Especially, we analyzed not only the maximum swimming time and blood and tissue parameters of muscular and hepatic injuries, but also hormone concentration and sperm counts following weight-loaded forced swimming. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials A preparation of SAA from acid (HCl) hydrolysate of silk proteins was obtained from Worldway Co., Ltd. (Jeoneui, Korea). The SAA preparation was mainly composed of Ala (34.36%)ϾGly (27.23%)ϾSer (9.58%)Ͼ Val (3.49%)ϾThr (2.00%), and minor amino acids. 23)Animals Eight-week-old male ICR mice (29-31 g, nϭ10 per group) were procured from the Daehan Laboratory Animal Center (Eumseong, Korea). The animals were maintained at a const...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silk Amino Acids Improve Physical Stamina and Male Reproductive Function of Mice

Shin

Yeon

Park

et al. 2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the hepatic expression of glycogen synthase was not increased by BCAA administration, which may explain why the blood glucose concentrations were not affected. It has been reported that chronic BCAA administration increases muscle and hepatic glycogen content in the rats supplemented with BCAA for 6 weeks [de Araujo et al, 2006]; therefore, long-term administration of BCAA may be necessary to increase hepatic glycogen synthesis and lower the blood glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of branched‐chain amino acids in glucose metabolism through the accelerated induction of the glucose‐sensing apparatus in the liver

Higuchi

Kato

Miyazaki

et al. 2011

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have a potential to improve glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients; however, the contribution of liver in this process has not been clarified. To estimate the effect of BCAA on glucose metabolism in liver, we evaluated the mRNA expression levels of glucose-sensing apparatus genes in HepG2 cells and in rat liver after oral administration of BCAA. HepG2 cells were cultured in low glucose (100 mg/dl) or high glucose (400 mg/dl) in the absence or presence of BCAA. The mRNA expression levels and protein levels of GLUT2 and liver-type glucokinase (L-GK) were estimated using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The expression levels of transcriptional factors, including SREBP-1c, ChREBP, PPAR-gm and LXRa, were estimated. The mRNA expression levels of transcriptional factors, glycogen synthase, and genes involved in gluconeogenesis were evaluated in rat liver at 3 h after the administration of BCAA. BCAA accelerated the expression of GLUT2 and L-GK in HepG2 cells in high glucose. Expression levels of ChREBP, SREBP-1c, and LXRa were also increased in this condition. BCAA administration enhanced the mRNA expression levels of L-GK, SREBP-1c, and LXRa and suppressed the expression levels of G-6-Pase in rat liver, without affecting the expression levels of glycogen synthase or serum glucose concentrations. BCAA administration enhanced the bioactivity of the glucose-sensing apparatus, probably via the activation of a transcriptional mechanism, suggesting that these amino acids may improve glucose metabolism through the accelerated utility of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in the liver.

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“…The effect of exercise performance improvement by L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion may not be expected in the case of the present relatively brief, high-intensity exercise. Many previous studies have reported the effects of amino acid ingestion on improving performance, but a variety of exercise types were used (de Araujo et al, 2006;Norton and Layman, 2006;Zoeller et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2008). Namely, there are studies which used short duration, high-intensity exercise and studies which used long term, moderate-intensity exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise

et al. 2010

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Objectives: L-ornithine has an important role in ammonia metabolism via the urea cycle. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise. Subjects/Methods: In all, 14 healthy young adults (age: 22.2 ± 1.0 years, height: 173.5 ± 4.6 cm, body mass: 72.5 ± 12.5 kg) who trained regularly conducted incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercises after L-ornithine hydrochloride supplementation (0.1 g/kg, body mass) and placebo conditions with a cross-over design. The exercise time (sec) of the incremental ergometer exercise, exercise intensity at exhaustion (watt), maximal oxygen uptake (ml per kg per min), maximal heart rate (beats per min) and the following serum parameters were measured before ingestion, 1 h after ingestion, just after exhaustion and 15 min after exhaustion: ornithine, ammonia, urea, lactic acid and glutamate. All indices on maximal aerobic capacity showed insignificant differences between both the conditions. Results: Plasma ammonia concentrations just after exhaustion and at 15 min after exhaustion were significantly more with ornithine ingestion than with placebo. Plasma glutamate concentrations were significantly higher after exhaustion with ornithine ingestion than with placebo. Conclusions: It was suggested that, although the ingestion of L-ornithine hydrochloride before the exercise cannot be expected to improve performance, it does increase the ability to buffer ammonia, both during and after exercise.

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Effect of chronic supplementation with branched-chain amino acids on the performance and hepatic and muscle glycogen content in trained rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Silk Amino Acids Improve Physical Stamina and Male Reproductive Function of Mice

Silk Amino Acids Improve Physical Stamina and Male Reproductive Function of Mice

Potential role of branched‐chain amino acids in glucose metabolism through the accelerated induction of the glucose‐sensing apparatus in the liver

The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise

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