Effect of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoke Condensates on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression

Haghighi, Farnoosh; Andriasian, Leah; Tran, Nini Chaichanasakul; Lux, Renate

doi:10.3390/ijerph19084626

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Smoking causes changes in the conditions of the buccal cavity and raises the likelihood of mucosal infections by oral candidiasis-CA. Cigarette smoke has a significant effect on CA 118 .…”

Section: Smoking and The Presence Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Smoking causes disruptions in the buccal cavity and increases the risk of mucosal infections caused by CA 118 . Nicotine influenced CA pathogenic characteristics such as morphology, biofilm formation and hyphal growth, as well as virulence-related gene expressions, which were found to be differentially expressed according to cigarette nicotine concentration.…”

Section: Smoking and The Presence Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An in vitro study found that antifungal treatments (below MICs) against CA reduce nicotineʼs effect on the expression of virulence-related gene. However, there is a chance that smoking will interfere with various concentrations of antifungal (amphotericin and fluconazole) treatments 118 .…”

Section: Smoking and The Presence Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Oral candidiasis of tobacco smokers: A literature review

El-Sakhawy¹,

Donia²,

Kobisi³

et al. 2023

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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The mouth is a vital point of entry into the human body, the health of the mouth entails mental, physical as well as social well-being. Studying diseases, microbiota and environmental conditions of the mouth is important to maintain oral health and all body. The smoke of tobacco cigarettes is one of the worst habits that affect the health of the mouth and the body. Therefore, this review has been conducted to study the effect of smoking on the balance of the oral microbiota and the opportunistic organisms, one of the most important of them Candida. Although a few studies have found that cigarette smoking does not influence carriage by Candida significantly. However, most of the studies had results completely contrary to that, smoking cigarettes affect Candida pathogenic characteristics such as a transition from yeast to hyphal form, biofilm formation and, virulence-related gene expressions. Tobacco is not only an inducer of the transition process but it considers an excellent medium for this process. Furthermore, smoking was significantly associated with Candida pathogenicity in patients with clinically suspected oral leukoplakia and smoking worsens oral candidiasis and dampens epithelial cell defense response. Nicotine significantly altered the composition and proportion of yeast cells, as well as the extracellular polysaccharide amounts which increase biofilm matrix and thickness which could promote oral candidiasis. Smoking has the potential to alter the oral condition and cause severe oxidative stress, thereby damaging the epithelial barrier of the mouth. These oxidative molecules during smoking activate epithelial cells proteins called oxidative stress-sensing proteins. If some of these proteins induced, widely thought to have anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress is thought to be a possible therapeutic objective and a crucial regulator for smoking-related oral diseases and mouth candidiasis for instance leukoplakia. Also, it is transported into the cell nucleus in the existence of additional electrophilic chemicals to activate antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Therefore, smoking cigarettes destroys oral health and consequently destroys the health of the whole body.

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“…Smoking causes changes in the conditions of the buccal cavity and raises the likelihood of mucosal infections by oral candidiasis-CA. Cigarette smoke has a significant effect on CA 118 .…”

Section: Smoking and The Presence Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Smoking and The Presence Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oral candidiasis of tobacco smokers: A literature review

El-Sakhawy¹,

Donia²,

Kobisi³

et al. 2023

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Непрямой контакт между C. albicans, подвергшихся воздействию электронной сигареты, и эпителиальными клетками десен приводил к дифференцировке этих клеток, снижению клеточного роста. В целом результаты показывают, что электронные сигареты могут увеличить риск кандидоза полости рта [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Abstract: E-cigarettes Microbiome Salivaunclassified

The effect of electronic cigarettes on the oral microbiome and antibacterial properties of saliva

Romanenko,

Gorobets,

Gorobets

et al. 2023

Medical news of the North Caucasus

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“…Among them, xerostomia and unsanitized dental prostheses are the main predisposing local factors, thus exposing the elderly and denture carriers to a higher risk of OC [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The most associated extra-oral conditions are related to age (mainly children and elderly) [ 6 ], bad habits such as smoking and poor oral hygiene [ 7 , 8 ], syndromic or genetic disorders [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] iatrogenic causes (broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and the use of immunosuppressors and/or steroids) [ 12 ], and chronic and systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and immunodeficiencies [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis in Adult and Pediatric Patients with COVID-19

et al. 2023

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Oral Candidiasis (OC) is an opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity, frequently reported under local and systemic predisposing circumstances. While the recurrence of OC HIV-infected subjects has been well described and reported, the association between oral candidiasis and the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a recent finding that still is worthy of further study. The present paper focuses on this novel association, reporting the incidence and prevalence of OC occurring during and after COVID-19 and the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying the onset of OC in COVID-19 subjects. The work found that the immune inflammatory hypo reactions and immunosuppression found in children and adults with COVID-19 could favor the proliferation colonization of Candida species and the following infection. At the same time, poor oral hygiene and iatrogenic causes seem to be the main risk factors.

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Effect of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoke Condensates on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Oral candidiasis of tobacco smokers: A literature review

Oral candidiasis of tobacco smokers: A literature review

The effect of electronic cigarettes on the oral microbiome and antibacterial properties of saliva

Oral Candidiasis in Adult and Pediatric Patients with COVID-19

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