Effect of Climate on Performance of Holsteins in First Lactation

McDowell, Robert; Hooven, N.W.; Camoens, J. K.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(76)84305-6

Cited by 259 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…Specially, the Hanwoo breed rested 1,106 min (standing + sitting) or 77% of their daily behavior in the finishing period, which was comparable with the results by Lee and Choi (2010 1990;McDowell et al, 1976).…”

Section: Effects Of Stocking Density On Eating Resting and Ruminationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effect of Stocking Density on Eating Behavior of Finishing Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

Lee

Kwon²,

Kim

2012

Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science

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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of stocking density on eating and ruminating behavior of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae) in the finishing period. A total of 30 finishing Hanwoo steers (631.3 ± 11.4 kg, 25 months old) were allocated to one of four stocking density groups comprising 1, 2, 3, and 4 steers per 32 m 2 pen [G1 (32 m ) and G4 (8 m 2 ), respectively] in triplicate. Eating, rumination behaviors, as well as dry matter intake of steers were measured, and the results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect. The results of eating behaviors over 48 hours are summarized as follows: Total intake was significantly (p<0.01) higher in G1, G2, and G3 compared to G4. Eating time was not different among the treatments, whereas ruminating time increased in the order of G1 > G2 > G3 > G4 (p<0.01). However, resting time and chewing time (sum of eating and ruminating) were not significantly different among the treatments. Number of boluses and number of total chews were highest in G1 (p<0.01), whereas number of chews per bolus was highest in G3 (p<0.01). Ruminating time per bolus as well as number of boluses per minute was not significantly different among the treatments. Number of defecations was higher in G1 and G2 animals compared to G3 and G4 animals (p<0.01). However, stocking density had no effect on drinking or urination. In conclusion, increasing stocking density (i.e. G4) per pen decreased voluntary intake, ruminating time, and total chewing number in the finishing period of Hanwoo steers. However, care must be taken in discussing stocking density in the present study as the space allowance per animal was satisfactory to meet the current animal welfare regulation in Korea and in Europe, although the beef production system in Korea is more intensive than in Europe.

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Section: Effects Of Stocking Density On Eating Resting and Ruminationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effect of Stocking Density on Eating Behavior of Finishing Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

Lee

Kwon²,

Kim

2012

Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science

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“…The climate of the region is classified as tropical sub-humid (Awo (i′) gw′′; García, 1988), with average annual temperature of 28°C, and annual precipitation ranging between 700 and 1100 mm, most rainfall occurring in the summer. The mean temperature and humidity index (0.72 (dry temperature + wet temperature) + 40.6; McDowell et al, 1976) in the MS was 83.6 ± 0.17 (mean ± SE) and 82.18 ± 0.16, in the dry and in the rainy seasons. The average temperature and humidity indexes in the ISS were 81.18 ± 0.14 and 81.93 ± 0.17, in the dry and in the rainy seasons (Améndola, 2013).…”

Section: Study Areas and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social behaviour of cattle in tropical silvopastoral and monoculture systems

Améndola

Solorio

Kú-Vera

et al. 2016

Animal

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Silvopastoral systems can be a good alternative for sustainable livestock production because they can provide ecosystem services and improve animal welfare. Most farm animals live in groups and the social organization and interactions between individuals have an impact on their welfare. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe and compare the social behaviour of cattle (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) in a silvopastoral system based on a high density of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) combined with guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) and some trees; with a monoculture system with C. nlemfuensis, in the region of Merida, Yucatán. Eight heifers in each system were observed from 0730 to 1530 h each day for 12 consecutive days during the dry season and 12 consecutive days during the rainy season. The animals followed a rotation between three paddocks, remaining 4 days in each paddock. The vegetation was characterized in the paddocks of the silvopastoral system to estimate the average percentage of shade provided. To make a comparison between systems, we used a t test with group dispersion, and Mann-Whitney tests with the frequency of affiliative and agonistic behaviours. We assessed differences in linearity and stability of dominance hierarchies using Landau's index and Dietz R-test, respectively. The distance of cows with respect to the centroid of the group was shorter, and non-agonistic behaviours were 62% more frequent in the intensive silvopastoral system than in the monoculture one. Heifers in the silvopastoral system had a more linear and non-random dominance hierarchy in both seasons (dry season: h' = 0.964; rainy season: h' = 0.988), than heifers in the monoculture system (dry season: h' = 0.571, rainy season: h' = 0.536). The dominance hierarchy in the silvopastoral system was more stable between seasons (R-test = 0.779) than in the monoculture system (R-test = 0.224). Our results provide the first evidence that heifers in the silvopastoral system maintain more stable social hierarchies and express more sociopositive behaviours, suggesting that animal welfare was enhanced.

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“…In general, cows are susceptible to heat stress and an 1°C increase is considered sufficient to compromise animal's performance (McDowell et al 1976), and a THI of 72 is the start point for milk yield decreasing (Zimbelman et al 2009). Therefore, CORT stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, generating new energy from stored reserves , so this hormone could be associated with the extra energy for respiratory adjustments and body temperature regulation (Satterlee et al 1977;Du Preez 2000;Silanikove 2000;Kadzere et al 2002).…”

Section: Time Sampling Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress and ACTH administration on cortisol and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in lactating Holstein cows

Titto

Negrão

Canaes

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Physiological and productive responses were studied in five Holstein cows in thermal comfort (T1), stress by exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration (T2) and heat stress (T3) to compare acute and punctual stress (ACTH) and prolonged stress (heat stress). During T1 and T2, cows were housed in a climatic-free stall barn. In T3, the animals were kept in a climatic room (air temperature of 37°C from 08:00 to 13:00 h, and of 26°C from 14:00 to 07:00 h) for 7 days. Milk yield, rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and blood samples were obtained before, during and after all treatments. In T1 at 08:00 h, RT and RR were below the upper critical limit. Simultaneously, cortisol and insulin growth-factor I (IGF-I) were within the normal limits. After ACTH administration (T2), cortisol significantly increased, reaching maximum levels at 60 min and returning to basal levels at 300 min. However, IGF-I was not affected. During T3, Holstein cows did not effectively dissipate their body temperature and RT, RR and cortisol significantly increased. There was a 26.6% reduction in milk production after heat stress (P < .05). Prolonged heat stress was more stressful and cows had higher levels of CORT in T3 than in T2 even before the increase in body temperature. Although the total amount of cortisol and IGF-I presented a negative and significant Pearson correlation (r = −0.79), IGF-I was not significantly influenced by heat stress or ACTH administration, and the relationship between IGF-I and heat stress remains controversial. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Effect of Climate on Performance of Holsteins in First Lactation

Cited by 259 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Stocking Density on Eating Behavior of Finishing Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

Effect of Stocking Density on Eating Behavior of Finishing Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

Social behaviour of cattle in tropical silvopastoral and monoculture systems

Heat stress and ACTH administration on cortisol and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in lactating Holstein cows

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