Effect of cold storage on Carbofuran dissipation in Cabbages (Brassica Oleracea)

Abstract

Cabbage being a highly imported product is often subjected to long term cold storage to maintain product quality and in order to retain its freshness it is kept in cold chambers for a long time. Being highly infested by pests during storage, cabbages are often treated with insecticides having active ingredients such as carbofuran in them. Also, large number of malpractices have come into the notice of the regulatory bodies where the growers use last minute Carbofuran dips on the cabbage heads to improve the shine and lustre of the foliage for better marketability .Therefore, the study was conducted to monitor the effect of cold storage on degradation pattern of Carbofuran on Cabbage during storage in Kashmir valley. The level of carbofuran residue decreased with an increase in storage period Dissipation pattern was studied for three application rates of Carbofuran by dipping the samples in T1 (First dose) 3g/1000mL, T2 (Second dose) 2g/1000mL, T3 (Third dose) 1g/1000mL. The initial control deposit was found to be 0.05mg/kg for T1, 0.03mg/kg for T2, 0.01mg/kg for T3 on Cabbage. The residues were dissipated to about 0.02mg/kg in T1, 0.01mg/kg in T2 and ND in T3 after 60 days of application. The waiting period after proper risk assessment was calculated and was found to be 30 days for almost all application rates.

Influence of carbofuran on the concentration of primary soil macronutrients in potato growing areas in the Peruvian highlands

“…This crop is under constant threat from insect pest infestation, from germination to the harvest stage [4]; one of the pests with the greatest attention by farmers are the species of the Premnotrypes complex, they are known collectively as "Andes weevil" or "white grubs" [5]. Weevil larvae cause damage of economic importance directly to the tubers [6], these larvae damage the potato when it is in formation by making irregular perforations that are very deep, because of this it does not enter the market; while the damage caused by adult weevils are sporadic and less serious [6] by witnessing cuts or perforations in the leaflets; The damage is registered from the presence of the adult weevil in the areas of cultivation, it seeks where to place its eggs, and another pest that is proliferating with the main varieties of potato, are the potato cyst nematodes, which diversified in the Andes of South America [7]; bad practices, results in increased damage by pathogens present in the soil and a reduction in crop profitability [8], in this sense, the symptoms caused by nematodes are damage to the roots, growth reduction, chlorosis and wilting [8].…”

“…For the control of these pests, insecticides are used, which are the chemical pollutants that cause the greatest impact on the environment [9], the use of organophosphorus pesticides has become a common and necessary practice for the sustenance of agricultural crops [10], carbamate is mainly used as an insecticide, with nematicide and acaricide effect [11]. Within the carbamate group; we find Carbofuran, the most harmful systemic pesticide for controlling pests [4] its method of action is endocrine disruption with potential intoxicant reproduction, making it a systemic insecticide [4]; This procedure may leave behind residues that are very dangerous to human health. Mild to moderate symptoms like tremors, diarrhea, vomiting, chest pain, and gait disruption can be brought on by a 50-90% inhibition of AChE [12].…”