Effect of Composition and State of Organic Components on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Decay in Atmospheric Aerosols

McDow, Stephen R.; Sun, Quan; Vartiainen, Matti; Hong, Yusen; Yao, Yilin; Fister, Thomas; Yao, Rong-qi.; Kamens, Richard M.

doi:10.1021/es00061a024

Cited by 83 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These particles can be generally described as either nonporous and covered by an organic film (Husar and Shu 1975;Gill et al 1983) or porous (Ancelet et al 2011). Considering mounting evidence of the presence of liquid-like organic matter in the particles (Bidleman et al 1986;Japar et al 1984;McDow et al 1994), the porous particles are reasonably expected to have their pores filled with such organic matter. Summarizing the morphology observation and model description of airborne particles in the literatures, we think that the four morphologies displayed in Figure 1b-e is representative of those typically encountered in the case of particles with organic constituents.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Dynamic Interaction Between SVOCs and Airborne Particles

Liu

Shi

Weschler

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

141

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A proper quantitative understanding of the dynamic interaction between gas-phase semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and airborne particles is important for human exposure assessment and risk evaluation. Questions regarding how to properly address gas/particle interactions have introduced uncertainty when predicting SVOC concentrations and assessing exposures to these compounds. In this study, we have developed a dimensionless description for the dynamic interaction between SVOCs and organic particles. A better criterion to judge whether the internal resistance (diffusion in and out of aerosols) is negligible compared with the external one (from bulk air to aerosol surfaces) is presented. The analysis is applicable regardless of the phase state of particles (either liquid or amorphous semisolid/solid). It is found that for both porous and nonporous particles, the internal resistance can be reasonably neglected for particles with diameters between 0.01 and 10 µm if the particulate organic matter is in the liquid phase. A lumped description therefore can be applied to determine, with greater accuracy than in previous studies, the timescale required to attain gas/particle equilibrium for such particles. The instantaneous equilibrium assumption is found to be reasonable for relatively volatile species such as pyrene, but not for the less volatile species such as di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP). For DEHP and 2.5 µm diameter particles, the instantaneous gas/particle equilibrium assumption can cause a two orders of magnitude error in the estimation of the gas-phase concentration and a factor of two error in the estimation of the particle-phase concentration.

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Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Dynamic Interaction Between SVOCs and Airborne Particles

Liu

Shi

Weschler

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

141

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“…4 Air particulates of PAH are degraded under atmospheric conditions such as, strong sunlight, high temperatures and air humidity, and elevated concentrations of ozone and nitrogen oxides. 5 Several studies have been carried out with this class of compounds 1005 Toledo et al Vol. 18, No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-phase extraction of nitro-PAH from aquatic samples and its separation by reverse-phase capillary liquid chromatography

Toledo¹,

Lanças²,

Carrilho³

2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Neste trabalho é proposta uma metodologia analítica para extrair 1-nitronaftaleno, 2-nitrofluoreno, 9-nitroantraceno, 3-nitrofluoranteno e 1-nitropireno como compostos modelos para nitropoliaromáticos (nitro-HPA) em amostras aquáticas. A cromatografia líquida capilar com detecção UV on-column (μLC-UV) foi empregada para separar e quantificar todos os cinco nitro-HPA extraídos. Duas técnicas diferentes de extração foram testadas e comparadas: extração líquido-líquido (LLE) e extração em fase sólida (SPE) com dois diferentes tipos de sorbentes: partículas octadecilssilica (C 18 ) e estireno divinilbenzeno (XAD-2). A eluição dos analitos foi testada com diclorometano e acetonitrila. O melhor resultado de recuperação foi obtido para extração SPE -C 18 com diclorometano com valores variando de 76 a 97% e valores de desvio padrão relativo menores que 4%. As condições cromatográficas para análise foram desenvolvidas empregando uma coluna capilar (250 × 0,3 mm) empacotada com partículas C 18 de 5 μm com eluição isocrática de 65% de acetonitrila em água (v/v) com vazão de 7 μL min -1 . Os limites de detecção obtidos no sistema UV on-column (abrangendo de ~3 a 30 μmol L -1 ) são limitantes para uma aplicação ambiental, porém adequados a estudos de toxicidade.In this work, an analytical methodology to extract 1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitrofluorene, 9-nitroanthracene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, and 1-nitropyrene aquatic samples is proposed. Capillary liquid chromatography with on-column UV detection (μLC-UV) was employed to separate and quantitate all five nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) extracted from water samples. Two different extraction techniques were tested and compared: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) with two different sorbents, octadecylsilica (C 18 ) and styrene divinylbenzene (XAD-2) particles. The elution of analytes was tested with both acetonitrile and methylene chloride. The best recovery results were obtained for SPE-C 18 extraction with the methylene chloride with values ranging from 76 to 97% with RSD values smaller than 4%. The chromatographic conditions for analysis was carried out using a 250 × 0.3 μm i.d. packed capillary column with 5 μm C 18 particles. The elution was isocratic with 65% acetonitrile in water (v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 7 μL min -1. The detection limits due to on-column UV detection (ranging ~3 -30 μmol L -1 ) are limiting for environmental applications, however, they are suited for toxicological studies.

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“…17 Other polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation studies have shown a more rapid decay in a liquid mixture of methoxyphenols, an abundant class of compounds present in wood smoke, compared with hexadecane, which is representative of aliphatic hydrocarbons abundant in diesel soot and automobile exhaust. 18 Particleassociated PAHs from wood smoke have also been shown to decay rapidly in sunlight under some atmospheric conditions. Their reactivity is strongly influenced by solar radiation intensity, temperature, and atmospheric concentrations of water, ozone, and nitrogen oxides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%