A complex of methodical approaches for investigating structural changes under the influence of temperature are presented on the basis of modern coxacepts of the domain structure of block copolymers. Effects oJ formation of structure due to phase segregation, crystallization processes and those of thermal homogenization have been considered in connection with the deformational properties of polymers. One and the same polymer appears to ha~e quite different phase structures and properties when obtained by altering its thermal conditions. Thermomechanical analysis is shown to be a most efficient technique for investigating the changes in the phase structure of a wide series of polyether(ester)urethanes and -urethaneureas.