Effect of concentration on sensing properties of CoFe2O4/BaTiO3 nanocomposites towards LPG

p-/n-Type Switching in the Ag/BTO/TiO2 Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor toward Ethanol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Ammonia

“… normalC 2 normalH 5 normalO → ( C 2 H 5 ) normalO + normale − The resistance as a function of the flow rate of the Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite was plotted in Figure to check the variation of the electron density at the grain boundaries when three different gases are introduced on the surface of the nanocomposite under testing conditions and speculate whether the device acts as p- or n-type. The continuous increase in resistance for ethanol and LPG suggests that the Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite functions as p-type with an increase in resistance . However, the resistance increases during ammonia testing as well from 0 to 30 ppm, from 40 to 100 ppm, and from 110 to 300 ppm, with a sharp increment from 90 to 100 ppm.…”

“…The continuous increase in resistance for ethanol and LPG suggests that the Ag/BTO/ TiO 2 nanocomposite functions as p-type with an increase in resistance. 48 However, the resistance increases during ammonia testing as well from 0 to 30 ppm, from 40 to 100 ppm, and from 110 to 300 ppm, with a sharp increment from 90 to 100 ppm. Further, a sharp decrement can also be speculated at 40 and 110 ppm as a result of a change in electron density on the surface of the Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite undergoing p-to n-type switching and vice versa at the grain boundaries present between metal and semiconductor interfaces.…”

“…Among these SMOs, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and barium titanate [BaTiO 3 (BTO)] have shown promising gas-sensing capabilities. Gas-sensing properties of single- and multiphase TiO 2 composites based on thin films, core shells, and nanobelts were explored extensively for reductive and oxidative gases. − Studies on BTO and its secondary and ternary nanocomposites incorporating silver nanoparticle (AgNP) dopants were also published as effective gas sensors for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), NO 2 , and NH 3 . − Despite their excellent sensing properties, the performance of TiO 2 and BTO can be further enhanced by incorporating additional dopants, such as AgNPs . Wang et al reported a brief survey on the suitability of various transition and non-transition metal oxides as gas sensors by studying the surface reaction factors that influence the sensitivity of the gas molecules.…”

Structural and dielectric characterization of synthesized nano-BSTO/PVDF composites for smart sensor applications

“…Ferroelectric materials are characterized by their electric dipoles, the switching behavior of which can be controlled by external fields. As a result of this feature, these materials have found use in many different fields, most notably energy storage, 2 micro-electromechanical systems, sensors, 3 device applications, 4 supercapacitors, 5 actuators, and resistive switching.…”

Sintering of layered ferrite-BaTiO3 ceramics: Analysis of interfaces and effects of shrinkage mismatch

“…Some of them report strong magnetoelectric coupling in such materials [14,15]. CoFe 2 O 4 -BaTiO 3 composite has been studied for application in sensors for liquefied petroleum gas [16], flexible electronics [17] and electromagnetic wave absorber at X-band [18]. The recent works on ferrites-BaTiO 3 have focused on the processing routes, improvement of the properties and modelling of these composites for expanding their potential applications [19][20][21][22].…”