Effect of Corticoids Upon Experimental Lathyrism

Selye, Hans; Bois, Pierre

doi:10.1210/endo-60-4-507

Cited by 63 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Although tensile strength measurements on tendons have not been made yet, it is our distinct "clinical" impression that the tendons of BAPN-treated embryos were swollen and much more readily torn. Reports in the literature of increased friability of skin (29) and healing wounds (26), softness of bone and "fluidity" of cartilage (30,11) indicate weakness in the substance of the connective tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALTERATIONS IN STATE OF MOLECULAR AGGREGATION OF COLLAGEN INDUCED IN CHICK EMBRYOS BY SS-Aminopropionitrile (LATHYRUS FACTOR)

Levene

Gross

1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

307

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The lathyrogenic agents, ß-aminopropionitrile and semicarbizide, when applied to the chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick embryo produced a dramatic increase in fragility of the embryo. This alteration was not associated with a change in the concentration of collagen, except in aorta, but was accompanied by a sharp increase in the amount of collagen extractible in cold 1 M NaCl from skin, bone, and aorta. Increase in fragility and extractible collagen began within 3 hours after introduction of the agent and rose steadily for at least 72 hours. Essentially no collagen could be extracted from tissues of normal chick embryos. Both fragility and amount of extractible collagen were dosage- and time-dependent. It is concluded that the extractible collagen in lathyrism consists of a large proportion of dissolved fibers previously insoluble and formed prior to administration of the agent. The data also suggest that the "lathyritic" collagen in vivo is not in molecular dispersion but in an aggregate or fibrillar form. It is dispersed by cooling. The extracted collagen could be reconstituted to typical striated fibrils in vitro and the molecule appeared to be normal in the gross, with regard to asymmetry ratio and intramolecular helical structure. The evidence at hand suggests that at least one of the defects induced by lathyrogenic agents is an interference with the normal intermolecular cross-linking within the collagen fibril.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALTERATIONS IN STATE OF MOLECULAR AGGREGATION OF COLLAGEN INDUCED IN CHICK EMBRYOS BY SS-Aminopropionitrile (LATHYRUS FACTOR)

Levene

Gross

1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

307

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“…Further, when lifted by the base of the tail from a horizontal surface, normal, vestibular-intact rats extend their forelimbs towards the horizontal surface. Exhibition of such a "landing" posture is considered dependent on the vestibular system (Selye, 1957;Hunt et al, 1987). Vestibular-lesioned rats often exhibit a deficient "landing" response, where they will curl their body ventrally around and towards their tail.…”

Section: Vestibular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal spatial representations require vestibular input

2002

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The hippocampal formation is essential for forming declarative representations of the relationships among multiple stimuli. The rodent hippocampal formation, including the entorhinal cortex and subicular complex, is critical for spatial memory. Two classes of hippocampal neurons fire in relation to spatial features. Place cells collectively map spatial locations, with each cell firing only when the animal occupies that cell's "place field," a particular subregion of the larger environment. Head direction (HD) cells encode directional heading, with each HD cell firing when the rat's head is oriented in that cell's particular "preferred firing direction." Both landmarks and internal cues (e.g., vestibular, motor efference copy) influence place and HD cell activity. However, as is the case for navigation, landmarks are believed to exert greater influence over place and HD cell activity. Here we show that temporary inactivation of the vestibular system led to the disruption of location-specific firing in hippocampal place cells and direction-specific discharge of postsubicular HD cells, without altering motor function. Place and HD cell activity recovered over a time course similar to that of the restoration of vestibular function. These results indicate that vestibular signals provide an important influence over the expression of hippocampal spatial representations, and may explain the navigational deficits of humans with vestibular dysfunction.

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“…Some, including 3,3ø-iminodipropionitrile andb-dimethylaminopropionitrile, show striking central and peripheral neurotoxic properties (Chou & Hartmann 1964& 1965Baker et al 1981;Griffin & Price 1981). Besides producing an axonopathy characterized by swollen axons filled with large tangles of neurofilaments (Hartmann et al 1958;Clark et al 1980) accompanied by a slowing down of the nerve conduction velocities (Höfinger et al 1982;Lowndes et al 1985;Ivens 1990;Gagnaire & Marignac 1999), 3,3ø-iminodipropionitrile also causes behavioural abnormalities such as hyperexcitability, retropulsion, head bobbing and circling movements in mice and rats (Delay et al 1952;Thuillier et al 1953;Hartmann & Stick 1957;Selye 1957). Moreover, 3,3ø-iminodipropionitrile induces degeneration of the vestibular sensory hair cells (Llorens et al Author for correspondence: François Gagnaire, Department of Pollutants and Health, National Institute for Research and Safety, Avenue de Bourgogne, B. P. Nae 27, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France (fax π33 3 83 50 20 96, e-mail gagnaire/inrs.fr).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Ototoxic Effects Induced in Rats by Treatment for 12 Weeks with 2‐Butenenitrile, 3‐Butenenitrile and cis‐2‐Pentenenitrile

Gagnaire¹,

Marignac²,

Ban³

et al. 2001

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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Brainstem auditory and visual evoked-potentials were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats during subchronic oral treatment with three unsaturated aliphatic nitriles. The rats were given, by gastric intubation, doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg ¡ kg ª1 3-butenenitrile (allyl cyanide) and 25, 50 and 100 mg ¡ kg ª1 of either cis/trans-2-butenenitrile (crotononitrile) or cis-2-pentenenitrile once a day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Oral administration of the three unsaturated nitriles produced deafness and absence of reaction when the animals were subject to droptest. Rats in the high dosage groups exhibited a complete disappearance of the five waves of the auditory evoked-potentials. There was a decrease in the amplitudes of the 2nd component of the auditory evoked-potentials. Those changes were not reversible at the 8th week of the recovery period. A dose-dependent effect on inner and outer hair cells was observed in the organ of Corti. The basal part of the cochlea was the most affected. Though no measurements were made of systemic exposure, a tentative ranking of decreasing ototoxicity of these three unsaturated nitriles might be proposed based on the electrophysiological deficiencies and histological losses observed: 3-butenenitrile Ͼcis-2-pentenenitrile Ͼcis/trans-2-butenenitrile. Moreover, rats treated with those nitriles showed a corneal opacity as well as a decrease in the amplitude and lengthening of the peak latencies of the visual evoked-potentials. These latter changes were reversible by the end of the 8th week of the recovery period and appeared to be related to the opacity of the cornea.

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Effect of Corticoids Upon Experimental Lathyrism

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

ALTERATIONS IN STATE OF MOLECULAR AGGREGATION OF COLLAGEN INDUCED IN CHICK EMBRYOS BY SS-Aminopropionitrile (LATHYRUS FACTOR)

ALTERATIONS IN STATE OF MOLECULAR AGGREGATION OF COLLAGEN INDUCED IN CHICK EMBRYOS BY SS-Aminopropionitrile (LATHYRUS FACTOR)

Hippocampal spatial representations require vestibular input

The Ototoxic Effects Induced in Rats by Treatment for 12 Weeks with 2‐Butenenitrile, 3‐Butenenitrile and cis‐2‐Pentenenitrile

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