Effect of coupling the breathing- and cycling rhythms on oxygen uptake during bicycle ergometry

Garlando, F.; Kohl, J.; Koller, E. A.; Pietsch, P

doi:10.1007/bf00422959

Cited by 72 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, it is difficult to compare quantitatively the results of all relevant studies. However, the results of the present study and of our previous studies (Kohl et al 1981;Garlando et al 1985) are at least partially comparable, as in all of them we concentrated on the so called relative co-ordination (von Holst, 1939), characterized by significant relationships between the individual phases of both rhythms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The variety of the results may be explained by differences in experimental design, in the type of exercise and other experimental conditions and methods of evaluation which in turn make a quantitative comparison between the different studies more difficult. In two of our previous studies we found in the majority of the subjects a degree of co-ordination between limb movements and respiration during cycling (Kohl, Koller & Jiiger, 1981;Garlando, Kohl, Koller & Pietsch, 1985). Moreover, we found a higher degree of co-ordination in experienced rather than unexperienced cyclists.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Analysis of co‐ordination between breathing and exercise rhythms in man.

Bernasconi

Kohl

1993

The Journal of Physiology

147

163

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SUMMARY1. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the incidence and type of coordination between breathing rhythm and leg movements during running and to assess the effect of co-ordination on the running efficiency, as well as to compare the results with those found during cycling.2. The experiments were carried out on thirty-four untrained volunteers exercising at two work loads (60 and 80% of subject's physical work capacity 170) on a treadmill. In addition nineteen of the subjects exercised at the same two work loads on a bicycle ergometer. The subjects were running at both work loads in three different modes in randomized order: with normal arm movements, without arm movements and with breathing paced by an acoustic signal which was triggered by the leg movement.3. Respiratory variables, oxygen uptake and leg movements were continuously recorded and evaluated on-line. The degree of co-ordination was expressed as a percentage of inspirations and/or expirations starting in the same phase of the step or pedalling cycle.4. The average degree of co-ordination was higher during running (up to 40%) than during cycling (about 20%) during both work loads. The difference in the degree of co-ordination between running and cycling is probably not due to the lack of arm movements during cycling since the degree of co-ordination during running with and without arm movements was the same.5. The degree of co-ordination during running increased slightly but not significantly with increasing work load and could be increased significantly by paced breathing.6. The co-ordination between breathing and running rhythms occurred in three different patterns: (a) breathing was co-ordinated all the time with the same phase of step, (b) co-ordination switched suddenly from one phase of step to another and (c) co-ordination ensued alternatively once on the right and once on the left leg movement. During cycling the pattern described in (a) occurred almost exclusively.7. During running with a high degree of co-ordination, oxygen uptake for a given work load was slightly but significantly lower than during running with weak coordination.MS 1640 23 PHY 471 P. BERNASCONI AND J. KOHL

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Analysis of co‐ordination between breathing and exercise rhythms in man.

Bernasconi

Kohl

1993

The Journal of Physiology

147

163

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“…Untrained bicyclists have been shown to maintain a 2:1, 3:1,4:1, 6:1, 3:2, and 5:2 ratio of pedal to respiratory frequency (Garlando, Kohl, Koller, & Pietsch, 1985;Paterson. Wood, Morton, & Henstridge, 1986).…”

Section: When Is Lrc Observed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of breathing and movement during manual wheelchair propulsion.

Amazeen¹,

Amazeen²,

Beek³

2001

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The hypothesis of this study was that stable coordination patterns may be found both within and between physiological subsystems. Many studies have been conducted on both monofrequency and multifrequency coordination, with a focus on both the frequency and phase relations among the limbs. In the present study, locomotor-respiratory coupling was observed in the maintenance of small-integer frequency ratios (2:1, 3:1, and 4:1) and in the consistent placement of the inspiratory phase just after the onset of the movement cycle during wheelchair propulsion. Level of experience and various motor and respiratory parameters were manipulated. Coupling was observed across levels of experience. Increases in movement frequency were accompanied by a shift to larger-integer ratios, suggesting that a single modeling strategy (e.g., the Farey tree; D. L. Gonzalez & O. Piro, 1985) may be used for coordination both within the motor subsystem and between it and other physiological subsystems.Humans and animals alike demonstrate a discrete number of stable coordination patterns. Patterns of locomotion, called gaits, are limited in number and easily recognizable. For quadrupeds, the three most common gaits are the walk, trot, and gallop, although more complex subdivisions of gait are possible (for an overview, see Collins & Stewart, 1993;Schoner, Jiang, & Kelso, 1990). In bipedal locomotion, spontaneously produced patterns are limited to the walk or run (antiphase) and the jump (inphase) patterns. In all of these patterns, the limbs move at the same frequency, so that the different patterns may be characterized by different phase relations between the limbs. When the constraint of postural stability is removed, observed motor patterns become more complex and different phase relations (e.g., 90°, Zanone & Kelso, 1992) can be acquired. The HKB model, a dynamical model first developed by Haken, Kelso, and Bunz (1985), accommodates the different monofrequency coordination patterns observed including the effects of learning, handedness, and attention (see summary in Amazeen, Amazeen, & Turvey, 1998). Multifrequency coordination patterns-in which the limbs move at different frequencies, as in drumming (e.g.,

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“…Consistent observations that energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) is lower during episodes of entrainment than nonentrainment (Garlando et al 1985;Bernasconi and Kohl 1993;Bonsignore et al 1998) suggest that LRC is a function of aerobic demands. Early investigations of LCR, however, were concerned primarily with identifying its eventual mechanical causes.…”

Section: Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Dynamical coupling between locomotion and respiration

Daffertshofer

Huys

Beek

2004

Biological Cybernetics

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Abstract. In search of the formative principles underwriting locomotor-respiratory coupling, we reanalyzed and modeled the data collected by Siegmund and coworkers (1999) on the synchronization of respiration during rowing. Apart from the frequency doubling in respiration reported earlier, detailed time-resolved spectral analyses revealed decreasing stability of entrainment close to abrupt changes in frequency relations as well as switches in the relative phase between respiration and locomotion. A single physiological, albeit mechanically constrained, quantity sufficed to explain the observed frequency and phase locking phenomena: the effective value of oxygen volume in the lungs. The cyclic abdominal pressure modulates the self-sustaining rhythmic respiration, modifies the total lung pressure, and causes (local) maxima at frequency ratios between movement and respiration that are composed of small integers. Hence, optimizing the effective oxygen volume can be seen as the mechanism that drives respiration to synchronize with locomotion.

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Effect of coupling the breathing- and cycling rhythms on oxygen uptake during bicycle ergometry

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of co‐ordination between breathing and exercise rhythms in man.

Analysis of co‐ordination between breathing and exercise rhythms in man.

Coupling of breathing and movement during manual wheelchair propulsion.

Dynamical coupling between locomotion and respiration

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