Effect of Cu2+/Ce3+ substituted on synthesis, structural, morphological, magnetic, DC electrical resistivity and dielectric properties of Cobalt nano ferrites

Abstract

The sol-gel auto-combustion method was used to synthesize the nano ferrite compounds Co1 − xCuxFe2−yCeyO4 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75; y = 0.0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09). Synthesized nano ferrites with appropriate characteristics sintered at 1150°C for 2h in the transition metals (Cu2+) and rare earth (Ce3+) were used to customise the spinel ferrites' properties. FTIR, FESEM, XRD, VSM, DC electrical resistivity, and dielectric properties examined the spinel nano ferrites' vibrational bands, phase, morphology, structure, and magnetic and electrical characteristics. XRD data was used to analyze the average crystallite size, x-ray density and lattice constant, confirming the formation of the cubic spinel structure of the prepared samples. The grain size values in the FESEM pictures range from 41.07 to 156 nm. An increase in lattice parameter suggests the occupancy of substituted Cu2+/Ce3+ ions in the tetrahedral site, further supported by the FTIR spectra between 415 cm− 1 to 430 cm− 1. It has been measured magnetic properties, such as the magnetic moment, anisotropy constant, saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanence ratio, were examined. With increasing concentrations of Cu2+/Ce3+ ions, the saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), and remanence (Mr) exhibit a strikingly declining trend. The activation energy varies from 0.52 eV to 0.62 eV, and the increased DC resistivity with increasing Cu2+/Ce3+ content shows their semiconducting nature. Koop's theory describes the dielectric properties, including the dielectric constant, tangent loss, and AC impedance, which are calculated as functions of the frequency of the applied field. All of these factors are seen to decline as frequency increases and become frequency-independent above 1 MHz. Due to their dielectric characteristics, synthetic spinel ferrites are potential candidates for use in the high-frequency region.