Effect of current density and temperature on nanostructure of PbO₂coating on Ti/SnO₂substrate provided by pulse electrodeposition process

Effect of a Synthesized Pulsed Electrodeposited Ti/PbO2–RuO2 Nanocomposite on Zinc Electrowinning

“…Based on their results, RuO 2 nanoparticles significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance of synthesized electrodes for the OER. Mirali et al 16 applied pulsed electrodeposition to synthesize pure nano PbO 2 anodes. Musiani et al 22 produced PbO 2 −RuO 2 microcomposite anodes on a gold substrate and investigated the electrocatalytic activity of the anodes toward the OER in acidic media.…”

“…Nanoparticles can be synthesized by pulse electrodeposition to have different sizes and morphologies. The pulse electrodeposition method increases the current density and nucleation rate (the number of nuclei formed per unit surface area), which leads to the production of a more stable and homogeneous surface. − Two major competing processes are involved in the deposition of nanostructured coatings of electrodeposition including nucleation and growth of grains. In the high-current-density pulse electrodeposition (relative to constant direct current electrodeposition), the rate of nucleation enhanced and dominated the slow growth of grains, resulting in smaller particle sizes. , …”

Anodizing Pb Electrode for Synthesis of β-PbO2 Nanoparticles: Optimization of Electrochemical Parameters

“…Electrochemical stability and more homogeneous surfaces can be produced by applying a higher current density and increasing the pulse frequency, leading to a higher nucleation rate to form nano grains. 11,[13][14][15][16][17] Ghasemi at al. 11 synthesized nanostructured PbO 2 electrode by anodizing method without reporting variation of the size of the nanostructures with changing different parameters.…”

“…Thus, β-PbO 2 is preferred in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes with electrochemical mechanism. 6,14,18,19 There are numerous methods to produce PbO 2 anode. The PbO 2 anode can be synthesized on different substrates, including titanium, 20 aluminum, 7,21 platinum, 22 stainless steel, 23,24 glassy carbon, 25 gold 26 and lead.…”

“…Also, several procedures have been documented for synthesis of PbO 2 anode, including chemical, 28 electrochemical 29 and thermal 24 decomposition. Electrochemical techniques are composed of constant direct current (DC) electrodeposition, 30 pulsed DC electrodeposition, 14 cyclic voltammetry 22,31 and constant potential electrodeposition. 32 One of the electrodeposition methods is the pulsed DC electrodeposition.…”